31 Panda bear is a standout amongst the most jeopardized creatures and on the edge of eradication. Anyway, a group of researchers has been framed around the backwoods in China to help spare the panda bear populace. This report will let you know about the panda bear and why they are imperiled.
Pandas live in territories with a ton of different creatures yet have couple of foes. They lived in Southeast China. They live in the cool backwoods on the inclines of the dim mountains. There are a considerable measure of bamboo trees to eat.
Pandas invest energy to eat for around 10 to 12 hours a day, around 40-80 kg. Panda nourishment comprises of 99% bamboo yet infrequently they eat different plants or meat furthermore nectar. Honey bee stings would not hurt Panda on the grounds that they have a tough skin. Pandas eat in a sitting position. Panda does not rest like other bear sorts.
Pandas just have one foe. Their foes are wild puppies. At the point when the wild canines assaulted them. Panda will climb trees to evade battles.
Panda generation rate is truly low. Female pandas don’t breed until 5 to 7 years. Female pandas can just have up to 3 children at one time. The infant panda are as little as child cat. Children normally leave their mom following 18 months.
Panda is imperiled in view of a few issues. First and foremost, the reproducing season just happens in the middle of March and May. Second, the panda living space is not sufficiently enormous. The latter is poaching. Some of the time the pandas stuck in the trap which is made for different creatures
Presently you know the data about panda and why it is imperiled. The pandas ought to be helped and spared or these excellent creature will be terminatedLion lives in prairie, bushes, and open forests of Saharan, Africa. Lion is the second biggest feline on the planet. Its size is marginally littler than tiger. Be that as it may, they are nearly related and have fundamentally the same body. Lion is unique in relation to other enormous felines. They are extremely amiable creatures. They live in gatherings. There are around 30 lions in a gathering comprising of three guys, twelve females, and whatever remains of their kids. The quantity of gathering individuals is dictated by the accessibility of nourishment and water.
They thunder one another to track their spot. Male and female lions have a capable thunder that can be heard up to 8 km. Male and female lion have an altogether different part in the gathering. Male lions invest their energy to keep their domain and their youngsters. They keep up their limits. While female lions or lioness is the primary seeker bunch. They are littler and more spry than male lions. Anyway, they cooperate in getting their prey.
They generally chase around evening time. Their prey are gazelle, bison, zebra, rhinos, hippos, wild pig, crocodile, youthful elephants, and giraffe. At the same time, in some cases they likewise eat the littler prey, for example, rodents, flying creatures, rabbits, reptiles, and turtles.
In the wake of getting their prey, all the lions in the gathering impart their prey. However, there is a pecking request. The male lions take the first claim, trailed by lionesses, and the latter is their kids.
Although the dolphins have 100 teeth, they don’t use their teeth to eat. They use it to get fish then they swallow the fish. They can consume fish up to 15 kg per day. They always gather in a group to hunt fish.Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong, flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey. Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche. Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals. They can see in near darkness. Like most other mammals, cats have poorer color vision and a better sense of smell than humans. Cats, despite being solitary hunters, are a social species and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting), as well as cat pheromones and types of cat-specific body language.
Cats have a high breeding rate. Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy. Failure to control the breeding of pet cats by neutering and the abandonment of former household pets has resulted in large numbers of feral cats worldwide, requiring population control. This has contributed, along with habitat destruction and other factors, to the extinction of many bird species.
Cats have been known to extirpate a bird species within specific regions and may have contributed to the extinction of isolated island populations. Cats are thought to be primarily, though not solely, responsible for the extinction of 33 species of birds, and the presence of feral and free ranging cats makes some locations unsuitable for attempted species reintroduction in otherwise suitable locations. catSnakes are elongated, legless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes that can be distinguished from legless lizards by their lack of eyelids and external ears. Like all squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping scales. Many species of snakes have skulls with several more joints than their lizard ancestors, enabling them to swallow prey much larger than their heads with their highly mobile jaws. To accommodate their narrow bodies, snakes’ paired organs (such as kidneys) appear one in front of the other instead of side by side, and most have only one functional lung. Some species retain a pelvic girdle with a pair of vestigial claws on either side of the cloaca.
Living snakes are found on every continent except Antarctica, and on most smaller land masses; exceptions include some large islands, such as Ireland and New Zealand, and many small islands of the Atlantic and central Pacific. Additionally, sea snakes are widespread throughout the Indian and Pacific Oceans. More than 20 families are currently recognized, comprising about 500 genera and about 3,400 species. They range in size from the tiny, 10 cm-long thread snake to the reticulated python of up to 6.95 meters (22.8 ft) in length. The fossil species Titanoboa cerrejonensis was 13 meters (43 ft) long. Snakes are thought to have evolved from either burrowing or aquatic lizards, perhaps during the Jurassic period, with the earliest known fossils dating to between 143 and 167 Ma ago.The diversity of modern snakes appeared during the Paleocene period (c 66 to 56 Ma ago). The oldest preserved descriptions of snakes can be found in the Brooklyn Papyrus.
85 The donkey or ass (Equus africanus asinus), is a domesticated member of the horse family, Equidae. The wild ancestor of the donkey is the African wild ass, E. africanus. The donkey has been used as a working animal for at least 5000 years. There are more than 40 million donkeys in the world, mostly in underdeveloped countries, where they are used principally as draught or pack animals. Working donkeys are often associated with those living at or below subsistence levels. Small numbers of donkeys are kept for breeding or as pets in developed countries.
A male donkey or ass is called a jack, a female a jenny or jennet; a young donkey is a foal. Jack donkeys are often used to mate with female horses to produce mules — the biological “reciprocal” of a mule, from a stallion and jenny as its parents instead, is called a hinny.
Asses were first domesticated around 3000 BC, probably in Egypt or Mesopotamia, and have spread around the world. They continue to fill important roles in many places today. While domesticated species are increasing in numbers, the African wild ass and another relative, the onager, are endangered. As beasts of burden and companions, asses and donkeys have worked together with humans for millennia. DonkeyThe tiger (Panthera tigris) is the largest cat species, reaching a total body length of up to 3.38 m (11.1 ft) over curves and exceptionally weighing up to 388.7 kg (857 lb) in the wild. Its most recognisable feature is a pattern of dark vertical stripes on reddish-orange fur with a lighter underside. The species is classified in the genus Panthera with the lion, leopard, jaguar and snow leopard. Tigers are apex predators, primarily preying on ungulates such as deer and bovids. They are territorial and generally solitary but social animals, often requiring large contiguous areas of habitat that support their prey requirements. This, coupled with the fact that they are indigenous to some of the more densely populated places on Earth, has caused significant conflicts with humans. Tigers once ranged widely across Asia, from Turkey in the west to the eastern coast of Russia. Over the past 100 years, they have lost 93% of their historic range, and have been extirpated from southwest and central Asia, from the islands of Java and Bali, and from large areas of Southeast and Eastern Asia. Tiger
119 Elephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea. Two species are traditionally recognised, the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) and the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), although some evidence suggests that African bush elephants and African forest elephants are separate species (L. africana and L. cyclotis respectively). Elephants are scattered throughout sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Elephantidae is the only surviving family of the order Proboscidea; other, now extinct, members of the order include deinotheres, gomphotheres, mammoths, and mastodons. Male African elephants are the largest extant terrestrial animals and can reach a height of 4 m (13 ft) and weigh 7,000 kg (15,000 lb). All elephants have several distinctive features the most notable of which is a long trunk or proboscis, used for many purposes, particularly breathing, lifting water and grasping objects. Their incisors grow into tusks, which can serve as weapons and as tools for moving objects and digging. Elephants’ large ear flaps help to control their body temperature. Their pillar-like legs can carry their great weight. African elephants have larger ears and concave backs while Asian elephants have smaller ears and convex or level backs ElephantEagles are large, powerfully built birds of prey, with a heavy head and beak. Even the smallest eagles, like the booted eagle (Aquila pennata) (which is comparable in size to a common buzzard (Buteo buteo) or red-tailed hawk (B. jamaicensis)), have relatively longer and more evenly broad wings, and more direct, faster flight – despite the reduced size of aerodynamic feathers. Most eagles are larger than any other raptors apart from some vultures. The smallest species of eagle is the South Nicobar serpent eagle (Spilornis klossi), at 450 g (0.99 lb) and 40 cm (16 in). The largest species are discussed below. Like all birds of prey, eagles have very large hooked beaks for ripping flesh from their prey, strong muscular legs, and powerful talons. The beak is typically heavier than that of most other birds of prey. Eagles’ eyes are extremely powerful, having up to 3.6 times human acuity for the martial eagle, which enables them to spot potential prey from a very long distance.This keen eyesight is primarily attributed to their extremely large pupils which ensure minimal diffraction (scattering) of the incoming light. The female of all known species of eagles is larger than the maleThe giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) is an African even-toed ungulate mammal, the tallest living terrestrial animal and the largest ruminant. Its species name refers to its camel-like shape and its leopard-like colouring. Its chief distinguishing characteristics are its extremely long neck and legs, its horn-like ossicones, and its distinctive coat patterns. It is classified under the family Giraffidae, along with its closest extant relative, the okapi. The nine subspecies are distinguished by their coat patterns.
The giraffe’s scattered range extends from Chad in the north to South Africa in the south, and from Niger in the west to Somalia in the east. Giraffes usually inhabit savannahs, grasslands, and open woodlands. Their primary food source is acacia leaves, which they browse at heights most other herbivores cannot reach. Giraffes are preyed on by lions; their calves are also targeted by leopards, spotted hyenas, and African wild dogs. Adult giraffes do not have strong social bonds, though they do gather in loose aggregations if they happen to be moving in the same general direction. Males establish social hierarchies through “necking”, which are combat bouts where the neck is used as a weapon. Dominant males gain mating access to females, which bear the sole responsibility for raising the young.
141 Cats also called the domestic cat or house cat (with its scientific name: Felis silvestris catus or Felis catus) is a type of carnivorous mammal of the family Felidae. The word "cat" generally refers to a "cat" that has been tamed, but can also refer to the "big cats" such as lions and tigers.
Cats are considered as "perfect carnivore" with teeth and particular digestive tract. The first premolar and molar teeth form a pair of fangs on each side of the mouth that works effectively as a pair of scissors to tear the meat. Although these features also exist in the Canidae or dog, but these traits are better developed in cats. Unlike other carnivores, cats eat almost non vegetable substance. Bears and dogs sometimes eat berries, roots, or honey as a supplement, while cats only eat meat, usually freshly killed prey. In captivity, cats can not adapt to a vegetarian diet because they can not synthesize all the amino acids they need from plant material; it is in contrast with domesticated dogs, which commonly are fed a mixture of meat and vegetables and sometimes it can adapt to a completely vegetarian meal.
Cats have mingled with human life since at least 6000 BC, from the skeleton of the cat found on the island of Cyprus. The ancient Egyptians of 3500 BC have used cats to keep away the rats or other rodents from the barn where the crops were saved.Currently, the cat is one of the most popular pet in the world. Cats that his lines are recorded officially as a cat breeds or pure breed are Persian, Siamese, Manx, and the sphinx. These kinds of cat are usually bred in official captivity animal. The number of purebred cat is only 1% of all cats in the world; the rest is a cat with mixed ancestry such as wild cats or domestic cats. Cows are cattle which belong to Bovidae famil and Bovinae upafamili. Cows that have been neutered and are typically used to plow the field named Ox. Cows are cared primarily for the benefit of milk and meat as human food.
Cows have a scientific name as Bos Taurus. Cows have a gestation period of over 274 days. Average cow lifespans is 15 years. The male weight is typically around 1,100 kg, while average females’ weight is about 720 kg.
Mobile Phone
A mobile phone (also known as a wireless phone, or cellular telephone) is a very small portable radio telephone.
The mobile phone can be used to communicate over long distances without wires. It works by communicating with a nearby base station (also called a "cell site") which connects it to the main phone network. As the mobile phone moves around, if the mobile phone gets too far away from the cell it is connected to, that cell sends a message to another cell to tell the new cell to take over the call. This is called a "hand off," and the call continues with the new cell the phone is connected to. The hand-off is done so well and carefully that the user will usually never even know that the call was transferred to another cell.
As mobile phones became more popular, they began to cost less money, and more people could afford them. Monthly plans became available for rates as low as US$30 or US$40 a month. Cell phones have become so cheap to own that they have mostly replaced pay phones and phone booths except for urban areas with many people.
171 In one village of North Sumatera, there lived a poor farmer named Toba. One day, he went fishing. Luckily, he got a beautiful goldfish. He carried it home and planned to cook it. When he got home, the fish turned into a beautiful woman.
The woman told that she was cursed. She asked Toba to keep it as a secret. Toba agreed it only with one condition that the woman would marry him. Then they got married and soon had one child named Samosir. This boy liked to eat much food.
One day, his mother asked Samosir to bring lunch to his father. On the way to the ricefield, he stopped and ate most of the food. After that, he gave the rest of the lunch to his father. Toba was very angry and shouted at Samosir “You, the fish kid, you are so greedy!” Samosir cried and ran toward his mother. He asked his mother why his father called him the fish kid.
The woman was really upset that Toba broke his promise. The woman and his son disappeared. Soon there were springs that caused a vast lake. It’s called Toba Lake. The land in the middle of the lake is called Samosir Island. Once upon a time, there was a powerful prince named Bandung Bondowoso. In a war, Bandung Bondowoso killed Prabu Baka. Then, Bandung Bondowoso fell in love with Prabu Baka’s daughter. Her name was Roro Jonggrang.
Bondowoso wanted to marry this beautiful princess. However, the princess hated him because he had killed her father. Roro Jonggrang was thinking of a way to refuse the marriage proposal. Finally, she decided to marry Bandung Bondowoso if he could build a thousand temples before the dawn.
Being helped by the genies, Bondowoso built the temples very fast. Roro Jonggrang wanted to fail him. She asked all women in the village to hit the rice. The rooster crowed signing that morning was coming. All genies left the project until 999 temples because they tought morning came afterward.
Finally, Bondowoso knew that Roro Jonggrang tricked him. He was very angry so he cursed Roro Jonggrang into a rock statue “Arca”. Roro Jonggrang statue is inside Candi Prambanan to complete the project of a thousand temples. On a hill in the area of Borneo, there lived a poor widow and her daughter. The girl was really beautiful. However, she was very lazy and spoiled. She loved to dress up every day, but never helped her mother.
One day, they went down to the village for shopping. The market was far away from their house. They walked there. The girl got dressed very nice and walked in front of her mother. While the widow walked behind, carried a basket and wore dirty clothes. Nobody knew they were mother and child.
While entering the village, people looked at them. The young men were so fascinated by the girl’s beauty. However, she was in contrast to the woman walking behind her. It made people wonder. Some young men asked her whether the woman was her mother. But the girl arrogantly replied that the widow was her maid. More people asked her along the way to the market. She gave the same answer that the widow was her slave.
Eventually, the mother’s heart hurt to hear the answer. Mother prayed to God to punish her ungodly daughter. Suddenly, the girl stopped and slowly turned to be a stone. The girl cried and apologized to his mother. But it was too late. A pretty girl was turned into a stone and continued to tear; it’s called A Crying Stone.
198 On the land of Parahyangan, there lived a beautiful princess named Dayang Sumbi. Because of her oath, she had to marry a dog named Tumang. Dayang Sumbi and her dog lived happily and blessed with a boy, Sangkuriang. The boy didn’t know that the dog was his father.
One day, Dayang Sumbi asked Sangkuriang with his dog to hunt a deer. Sangkuriang got nothing. He did not want to disappoint his mother. He decided to kill the dog. Dayang Sumbi thought it was venison. After knowing the truth, Sangkuriang was hit and expelled by his mother.
Sangkuriang grew overseas into a handsome and powerful man. Then, he met Dayang Sumbi and fell in love with her. The day before the wedding, Dayang Sumbi realized that Sangkuriang was her son. Dayang Sumbi wanted to thwart the marriage. She gave a condition to make a dam that covered the entire hill and a boat during one night.
Sangkuriang agreed and worked with the help of many genies. The dam and boat were almost finished. Dayang Sumbi prayed to God. The roosters crowed and all genies left that job. Sangkuriang realized that he had been tricked. He was angry and kicked the boat into the middle of the forest. Then, the boat shaped like a mountain. That is the legend of Tangkuban Parahu. In Daha kingdom there lived a powerful Brahmin named Sidi Mantra. Her son’s name was Manik Angkeran. Manik Angkeran liked to gamble. One day, Manik Angkeran could not pay the debt. He asked help to his father.
Loving his son, Sidi Mantra fasted and prayed to the God. A mysterious voice asked him to meet Naga Besukih at Agung Mount. By ringing a genta, Naga Besukih came and gave gold and diamonds from his scales. Soon, Manik Angkeran finished all gold and diamonds. He asked help to his father again. Sidi Mantra came to Naga Besukih. This time, Manik Angkeran secretly followed his father.
A few days later, Manik Angkeran stole his father’s genta and came to Naga Besukih. Manik Angkeran got gold and diamonds. But he was not satisfied. Manik Angkeran saw a big gem at the end of the dragon’s tail. When Naga Besukih turned toward the cave, Manik Angkeran immediately cut off the dragon’s tail and ran away.
Naga Besukih was furious and licked Manik Angkeran’s footprints. Then he turned into ashes. Sidi Matra was aware of this situation and begged Naga Besukih to revive his son. Naga Besukih agreed if his tail was back. With his magic, Sidi Mantra returned the tail back to normal. Then, Naga Besukih revived Manik Angkeran.
Sidi Mantra knew that he could not live with his son again. With his wand, Sidi Mantra made a line that separated him from his son. There came springs growing into a sea. This is the legend of Bali Strait separating Java from Bali.
“Is that you, Malin? Is that you, my beloved son? I’m your mother, you remember?” asked Malin’s mother. “Son? She said you are her son? Is it true, Malin? Is this poor, old, stink woman your mother? ” Malin’s wife shocked. “No.. No, my dear wife. I don’t know this poor woman. I don’t know you poor, old, stink woman!” said Malin.
What Malin said really hurt his mother heart. She cried and wept. She didn’t believe that her own son did terrible thing on her, his mother. With anger, she prayed to the almighty God to reply what her son had done to her.
Suddenly, the wind blew hard and the storm rumbled. Malin and his wife returned to the ship take shelter. The storm got worst and hit Malin’s hip, destroyed it. Everyone inside was died, including Malin’s wife. Malin himself was cursed. His body was turned to stone and allied with the reef. Roro Jonggrang
Once upon a time, there was a prince named Raden Bandung Bondowoso, a son of Prabu Damar Moyo, a king of Pengging kingdom. Raden Bandung Bondowoso was strong and powerful. He was also a fine soldier and commander which always led his army won in every battle. It was why Pengging became powerful and prosperous kingdom.
Not far from Pengging kingdom, there was another kingdom named Keraton Boko. Kearton Boko kingdom was ruled by a king named Prabu Boko and his minister named Patih Gupalo. Both of them were giants who ate men. Even though Prabu Boko was a giant; he had a very beautiful daughter named Roro Jonggrang.
One day, Keraton Boko kingdom wanted to attack the Penggging kingdom. Parbu Boko wanted to expand his kingdom territory to make his kingdom more powerful and prosperous. Prabu Boko and Patih Gupalo together with whole soldiers marched to the Pengging Kingdom. However, Raden Bandung Bondowoso had prepared his army to defend Pengging kingdom. The huge battle between Keraton Boko and Pengging could not be stopped anymore.
Radeng Bandung Bondowoso was fine soldier and commander. Not only strong and powerful, he was also smart in making a strategy to win the battle. Because of Raden Bandung Bondowoso’s strategy, the battle ended quicker than predicted. Keraton Boko’s army was cornered and annihilated. Prabu Boko was also died in the battle. Seeing his army was losing the battle, Patih Gupalo and the remaining soldiers retrieved from the battle and run back to Keraton Boko. However, Raden Bandung Bondowoso knew it. He then decided to hunt them down to the Keraton Boko and caught them.
As he arrived in Keraton Boko, Patih Gupalo told everything to princess Roro Jonggrang, including her father death. He also told her that Raden Bandung Bondowoso would come and destroyed Keraton Boko. Roro Jonggrang was sad but she needed to make an action to save her kingdom. Raden Bandung Bondowoso finally arrived in Keraton Boko not long after Patih Gupalo. When he wanted to destroy Keraton Boko to draw out Patih Gupalo, Roro Jonggrang showed herself in front of Raden Bandung Bondowoso.
Raden Bandung Bondowoso stood still. He had just heard the most beautiful voice he had ever heard. He looked at Roro Jonggrang and her beauty chilled his heart. He fell in love with her.
“Please stop. It’s enough. Please don’t destroy this kingdom. You’ve killed my father. Should it be enough? Please, end this war. I promise I will take no revenge.” Cried Roro Jonggrang. “You are Roro Jonggrang, the daughter of Parbu Boko, aren’t you? So, the rumor is true. Your beauty is beyond compare. I will end this war right at the moment, but you should be my wife.” Proposed Radeng Bandung Bondowoso.
293 promise I will accept your proposal.” Promise Roro Jonggrang.
to lead the kingdom in the future. The king had no idea what to do.
After long thought, the king decided to go to jungle to find a quiet place to mediate. He wanted to pray to Almighty God for getting an offspring. After few days of mediating, King Suwartalaya suddenly heard a voice.
“Stop your meditation, my king. So, you want a child. Will you love him or her if you get one?” The voice said.
“Yes, my lord. I want a child so he or she can be my successor to lead the kingdom. Yes, my lord, I will love my child. I will always, my lord.” The king replied.
“Go home, then.” The voice continued.
The king then went home immediately to meet his queen. He told everything to his queen. And few weeks later, the queen was pregnant. They had never been so happy before. After nine months of pregnancy, the queen delivered a beautiful baby girl which later named as Rukmini Gilang. The king and the king were so happy that finally they had a child. The people of the kingdom were happy too. After waiting for a long time, they finally had a princess. To celebrate the new born princess, the king held a party and invited all the people in the kingdom to join.
Several years had passed, the princess Rukmini Gilang grew to be a very beautiful girl. The king and the queen spoiled the princess so much. They gave everything that the princess wanted. It made the princess had a bad attitude. However, the king, the queen and the people of the kingdom still loved her. They hope one day the princess temperament would change.
In few weeks, Princess Rukmini Gilang would turn to be seventeen years old. As usual, when princess birthday come, people of the kingdom would busy to prepare the party, the big one. They prepared all things, the foods, the entertainments, and the presents. And for this birthday presents, the people of the kingdom collected some beautiful gems. They planned to give those beautiful gems to the best goldsmith in the kingdom to make a very beautiful necklace. They intended to present the necklace as the birthday gift for the princess in her seventeenth with hope that the princess would happily accepted it.
Finally a long-awaited day came. The people of the kingdom gathered in the courtyard to celebrate princess birthday. All things were set, the foods, the entertainments, and of course the necklace. It was a big and beautiful party. People of the kingdom are so happy to see that their beloved princess was now seventeen. Finally, the king and the queen, alongside with the princess came. The people of the kingdom were so fascinating to see the princess that grew even more beautiful than before.
Now is the time for people of the kingdom to present their special gift for the princess. They handed a well-craft wooden box with a very beautiful necklace inside to the king. King Suwartalaya opened the box and pulled out the beautiful necklace that gleam various colors. It was so lovely necklace. Then king Suwartalaya gave it to the princess Rukmini Gilang. Princess Rukmini Gilang only stared on it. It seemed that she was not interested on it. “Come on my daughter, wear this lovely necklace. Do not fail the people of the kingdom who give it to you. They love you so much. They will be happy if you wear this necklace.” The king asked.
“What?? You said this necklace is beautiful? Are you blind? This is the ugliest necklace I have ever seen. I don’t want to wear it.” The princess shouted. She slammed the necklace to the ground till it shattered. The king, the queen, and the people of the kingdom stood in silent witnessing their beloved princess like that. Tears began to come down from the queen’s eyes. She was so sad to see her daughter’s behavior. The king and the people of the kingdom were also sad. They cried until their tears flooded the palace. Suddenly, a big water came from the ground where the shattered necklace lied. The water flooded the palace as well as the kingdom until it sank and created a lake.
313 Once upon a time, there was an old widow who lived in a small house on the top of a hill with her beautiful daughter. The old widow is so poor that she must work hard every day. She collected dry woods in the jungle and sold them in the market once a week. She wanted to make her daughter happy so she worked harder and harder every single day.
The girl, the old widow’s daughter, was surely beautiful. Every man could easily fall in love if they saw her face. Unfortunately she had a very bad attitude. The girl was very lazy and never helped her mother. Every day she just primped and looked at the mirror to admire her own beauty. She was also spoiled girl. All of his requests must be obeyed even though her mother was poor old lady.
Like usual, in every week end, the old widow went down to the market to sell dry woods. This time, her daughter wanted to go with her too. She wanted to buy new clothes. The old widow was happy to see her own daughter went with her together to the market. The old widow also planned to use the money she got from selling the wood to buy new clothes for her daughter. She was truly wanted to see her daughter happy.
The market was so far from their house. They should walk down the hill and pass a village. The girl wore nice clothes and dress up so the people who saw her will be admiring her beauty. In contrary, her mother wore dirty clothes with a basket full of dry wood on her back. She wanted that her mother to walk behind her so that people would think that she was not her mother. The girl cannot accept if people in the village know that the old widow was her mother. Indeed, none know that the girl and the old widow were mother and daughter because they lived alone on the top of hill.
When they began to enter the village, all the people who passed by were looking at them. They were so fascinated by the beauty of the girl. They could not resist to look at her beautiful face. However, when people saw an old lady who walked behind her, it was so contrastive. It made people to wonder who the old dirty lady behind her was. Among those who saw it, a young man approached and asked her, "Hey, pretty girl. Is that your mother behind you? "
"No," the girl said arrogantly. "She is my servant!"
The old lady could understand why her own daughter said so. She only blamed herself that she could not be the mother that her daughter wanted. The old lady only kept silent and continued the journey. Not far away from there, a young man approached again and asked the girl the same question.
328 "Hi sweetheart. Is it your mother who walks behind you? "
Again the girl rejected the fact by saying no the old widow was her mother. "No, no, she is not my mother," said the girl. "She is my slave!"
The same questions continued repeatedly several times. And the girl always answered the questions by telling that the old widow was not her mother. The first, second, and the third ones, the old widow could accept it. However when it went along several times, it made the old widow sad. It hurt the old lady so much that her own daughter did not admit that she was her mother. The silent turned to sadness. The sadness turned to madness. And when a mother was mad, a bad thing would follow. Finally, the poor old widow cannot resist anymore. The old widow prayed to the God to punish her rebellious daughter.
"Oh my God, I was not able to resist this insult. How come my own daughter treat her own mother like this. Yes, God punish this rebellious child! Punish her.... "
On the power of God Almighty, slowly her body was turned to stone. The change starts from the feet. When the change has reached half of the body, the girl was crying asking forgiveness to her mother.
"Oh, my mother, please forgive me. Forgive what I have done to you. Please, mother. I will change, mother. Please forgive your daughter, your only daughter," cry the girl.
The girl continued to wail and cry pleading with his mother. However, everything was too late. The whole body of the girl was eventually turned into stone. Even when she turned into stone, people still can see the tears. The stone cries. Therefore, people begin to call it "Crying Stone or Batu Menangis".
Once upon a time, there was a king named Prabu Tapa Agung who had led a kingdom in West Java for a long time. He was getting old and therefore wanted to choose a successor. But unfortunately, he had no son. He thought of choosing one of his daughters, Purbararang and Purbasari. But it wasn’t an easy choice. They were both very pretty and smart. The only difference was their temperament. Purbararang was rude and dishonest, while Purbasari was kind and caring. With those considerations, Prabu Tapa Agung finally chose Purbasari to be his successor.
Purbararang didn’t agree with her father’s decision. “It’s supposed to be me, Father. I’m the eldest daughter!” Purbararang said. Prabu Tapa Agung smiled. “Purbararang, to be a queen takes more than age. There are many other qualities that one must possess,” explained Prabu Tapa Agung wisely. “What does Purbasari have that I don’t?” Purbararang pouted. “You’ll find out when Purbasari has replaced me,” Prabu Tapa Agung answered.
After the discussion, Purbararang went back to her room. “Is there something wrong?” asked Indrajaya. Indrajaya is Purbararang’s future husband. “I’m upset! Father chose Purbasari as his successor and not me! I have to do something!” Purbararang said. Driven mad by her anger, she came to a witch and asked her to send rash all over Purbasari’s body. Before going to bed, Purbasari started to feel itch all over her body. She tried applying powder to her body, but it’s no use. Instead, the itching grew even worse. She didn’t want to scratch it, but she just couldn’t help it. In the next morning, there were scratch mark all over Purbasari’s body. “What happened to you?” asked Purbararang, pretending to be concerned. “I don’t know, sis. Last night, my body suddenly felt very itchy. I scratched and scratched, and this is what happened,” Purbasari answered. Purbararang shook her head. “You must have done something really awful. You’ve been punished by the gods!”
363That day, the whole kingdom was scandalized. “What have you done, Purbasari?” demanded Prabu Tapa Agung. Purbasari shook her head. “I didn’t do anything that would upset the gods, Father,” she answered. “Then how can you explain what happened to your body?” Prabu Tapa Agung asked again. “If you don’t confess, I’ll banish you to the woods.” Purbasari took a deep breath. “Like I said before, I didn’t do anything wrong. And I’d rather be thrown into the woods than to confess to a deed I didn’t commit.”
After a short discussion with his advisor, Prabu Tapa Agung ordered Purbasari to be moved to the woods. Purbasari was very sad, but she couldn’t do anything to defy her father’s order. She was accompanied to the woods by a messenger. He built a simple hut for Purbasari. After the messenger left, suddenly a black monkey came to Purbasari’s hut. He carried a bunch of bananas. From behind him, some animals looked on. “Are the bananas for me?’ Purbasari asked. The black monkey nodded, as if he understood what Purbasari said. Purbasari took the bananas with pleasure. She also said thanks. The other animals that were looking on also seemed to smile. “Are you willing to be my friend?” Purbasari asked them. All the animals nodded happily. Although she was living by herself in the woods, Purbasari never lacked of supplies. Everyday, there were always animals bringing her fruits and fish to eat.
A long time had passed since Purbasari was banished to the woods, but her body still itched. At some places, her skin was even ulcerating. What am I supposed to do?” Purbasari sighed. The monkey who was sitting next to her stayed still, there were tears in his eyes. He hoped Purbasari would remain patient and strong.
One night, on a full moon, the monkey took Purbasari to a valley. There is a pond with hot spring water. The monkey suddenly spoke, “The water of this pond will heal your skin,” he said. Purbasari was surprised, ”You can talk? Who are you?” she asked. “You’ll find out, in time,” the monkey said. Purbasari didn’t want to force the monkey. She then walked to the pond. She bathed there. After a few hours, Purbasari walked out of the pond. She was shocked to see her face reflected on the clear pond water. Her face was beautiful again, with smooth and clean skin. Purbasari observed her entire body. There were no traces of any skin ailments. “I’m cured! I’m cured!” Purbasari shouted in joy. She quickly offered thanks to the gods and also to the monkey.
378 The news of Purbasari’s condition quickly spread to the kingdom, irritating Purbararang. She then accompanied by Indrajaya go to the woods to see Purbasari. Purbasari asked if she would be allowed to go home. Purbararang said she would let Purbasari return to the palace if Purbasari’s hair were longer than hers. Purbararang then let her hair down. It was so long, it almost touched the ground. But it turned out that Purbasari’s hair was twice longer than Purbararang’s hair.
“Fine, so your hair is longer than mine.” Purbararang admitted. “But there is one more condition you must fulfill, do you have a future husband who is handsomer than mine?” said Purbararang as she walked toward Indrajaya. Purbasari felt miserable. She didn’t have a future husband yet. So, without much thought, she pulled the black monkey beside her.
Purbararang and Indrajaya burst out, but their laughter didn’t last long. The monkey meditates and suddenly transformed into a very handsome young man, a lot more handsome than Indrajaya. “I’m a prince from a kingdom far away. I was cursed to be a monkey because of a mistake I committed. I could regain my true form only if there’s a girl who would be willing to be my wife,” said the young man.
Finally, Purbararang gave up. She accepted Purbasari as the queen, and also confessed everything she had done. “Please forgive me. Please don’t punish me,” Purbararang said, asking for forgiveness. Instead of being angry, Purbasari smiled. “I forgive you, sis,” she said. Soon after, Purbasari become queen. Beside her was the handsome prince, the former monkey known as Lutung Kasarung.
Laptop, often called a notebook, is a portable personal computer with a clamshell form factor, suitable for mobile use. Although originally there was a distinction between laptops and notebooks, the former being bigger and heavier than the latter, as of 2014, there is often no longer any difference. Laptops are commonly used in a variety of settings, such as at work, in education, and for personal multimedia.
A laptop combines the components, inputs, outputs and capabilities of a desktop computer, including the display screen, speakers, a keyboard, and pointing devices (such as a touchpad or trackpad) into a single unit. Most 2016-era laptops also have integrated webcams and built-in microphones. The device can be powered either from a rechargeable battery or by mains electricity from an AC adapter. Laptops are diverse devices and specialised kinds, such as rugged notebooks for use in construction or convertible computers, have been optimized for specific uses. The hardware specifications, such as the processor speed and memory capacity significantly vary between different types, makes, and models.
Flags
A flag is a piece of fabric (most often rectangular or quadrilateral) with a distinctive design that is used as a symbol, as a signaling device, or as decoration. The term flag is also used to refer to the graphic design employed, and flags have since evolved into a general tool for rudimentary signalling and identification, especially in environments where communication is similarly challenging (such as the maritime environment where semaphore is used).
National flags are potent patriotic symbols with varied wide-ranging interpretations. Flags are also used in messaging, advertising, or for other decorative purposes. The study of flags is known as vexillology, from the Latin word vexillum, meaning flag or banner.
Otter
Otter is a common name for a carnivorous mammal in the subfamily Lutrinae. The 13 extant otter species are all semiaquatic, aquatic or marine, with diets based on fish and invertebrates. Lutrinae is a branch of the weasel family Mustelidae, which also includes badgers, honey badgers, martens, minks, polecats, weasels and wolverines. The word otter derives from the Old English word otor or oter. This, and cognate words in other Indo-European languages, ultimately stem from the Proto-Indo-European language root *wódr̥, which also gave rise to the English word "water".
An otter's den is called a Holt or Couch. Male otters are called dogs or boars, females are called bitches or sows, and their offspring are called pups.The collective nouns for otters are bevy, family, lodge, romp (being descriptive of their often playful nature) or, when in water, raft.
A country is a region that is identified as a distinct entity in political geography. A country may be an independent sovereign state or one that is occupied by another state, as a non-sovereign or formerly sovereign political division, or a geographic region associated with sets of previously independent or differently associated people with distinct political characteristics. Regardless of the physical geography, in the modern internationally accepted legal definition as defined by the League of Nations in 1937 and reaffirmed by the United Nations in 1945, a resident of a country is subject to the independent exercise of legal jurisdiction.
Sometimes the word countries is used to refer both to sovereign states and to other political entities, while other times it refers only to states. For example, the CIA World Factbook uses the word in its "Country name" field to refer to "a wide variety of dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, uninhabited islands, and other entities in addition to the traditional countries or independent states". Village
A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement.
Although many patterns of village life have existed, the typical village was small, consisting of perhaps 5 to 30 families. Homes were situated together for sociability and defence, and land surrounding the living quarters was farmed.
Bawang Merah and Bawang Putih In the ancient time, lived a little family. The family consists of father, mother, and a beautiful girl named Bawang Putih. They are a harmonious and happy family despite his father worked as an ordinary merchant. One day, the happiness in this family was lost because the mother died. Bawang Putih was very sad because she was very fond of her mother. Her father was also so sad because he loved his wife so much.
After Bawang Putih’s mother died, her house was visited frequently by a widow who had a daughter named Bawang Merah. The widow often came with Bawang Merah to the Bawang Putih’s home by bringing food, helping to clean the house, and chatting with Bawang Putih’s father. Finally, the father thinks that he should marry the widow and made the widow as a new mother for Bawang Putih.
He asked for consideration of the proposal to Bawang Putih. After being allowed to get married by Bawang Putih, then her father immediately carried out the marriage. They become a new family and lived in a house. At first, the mother and Bawang Merah’s behaved Bawang Putih very well. However, the good behavior did not to be last long. Soon, the Bawang Merah and her mother began to show their bad attitude. Bawang Putih was often scolded and given heavy works when the father went to trade. She had to do a lot of housework while the Bawang Merahs just sit and did not work at all. However, the situation was never told by her to his father, so the Bawang Putih continued to be treated badly by Bawang Merah’s and her mother.
One day, his father was sick and passed away. Since then, Bawang Putih was treated worse than before. Bawang Putih almost never had a break every day. In the morning, she had to get up in order to prepare breakfast and the water for Bawang Merah and her mother. Later, she also gave eating to the livestock, washing clothes, and even watering the entire garden. Although she should do so many works, she always did it happily. She hoped, with such sincerity, her mother would love her sincerely someday.
On the morning, Bawang Putih went to the river to wash the clothes. She was so excited and washed vigorously. Because of getting too excited, she was not aware that there was a shirt that washed away. She realized that the shirt had been washed away when the flow carried it far enough. Later, she pursued but did not get the shirt. She felt hopeless and immediately went home.
The shirt was her mother's favorite. Of course, the mother was angry and told her to look for the shirt until she could found it. Bawang Putih came back to the river and walked to the west to seek her mother's favorite shirt. She walked along the river up to tens of kilometers. After that, Bawang Putih suddenly saw someone who was bathing the buffalo in the river. She asked the man about the clothes were washed away. Later, she was informed that the shirt drifting and it was not far from where she was standing. At that moment, Bawang Putih immediately ran down the river to find the shirt. 435 It was getting dark and the Bawang Putih found a home. Because of completely exhausted, she decided to take a break in the house. Apparently, it housed an old lady who had previously found the shirt. The old lady wanted to return the shirt to her, but she should accompany the old lady during a week. She agreed to stay with the lady for a week. Within a week, she made the old lady to be so happy because she was diligent and never complained even though felt so tired.
444 After accompanying for a week, she was given a pumpkin as the gift. When opening it, she was very surprised because there were so much gold and gems. She immediately went home and told the happening to her mother and also Bawang Merah. However, the gold and jewels that she got immediately seized and she was forced to tell where the jewelry could be obtained. Bawang Putih immediately said that she got it from an old lady who lived near the river.
In the next day, Bawang Merah came to that house and stayed for a week like what Bawang Putih did. However, because Bawang Merah was a lazy girl, the old lady gave a different pumpkin from Bawang Putih. Bawang Merah did not care and Bawang Merah immediately went home to open the pumpkin with her mother. Apparently, the content was not gems or gold, but the venomous snake that bit of Bawang Merah and the mother. Both of them died because of their greed.
After the happening, Bawang Putih was living alone, but she was more calm and lived happily with its gold and gems.
In the ancient time, lived a young man named Galoran. He was respected because of his wealth and honor. His parents were nobleman so he could live with luxury. However, he was very wasteful and every day just squandered the wealth of his parents.
One day, his parents died, but he did not care and continued to spend money as well as before. Because his life was so extravagant, all the treasure that he had was running out and he became an unemployed person. Many people sympathized with him and offered a job. But every time he got the job, he just dallied and it made him always be fired. Several months later, there was a wealthy widow who interested him. He married the widow and of course, he was very happy to be living in luxury again.
The widow had a daughter who was very diligent and clever to weave. Her name is Jambean, a beautiful girl and had been famous because of her weaving. However, Galoran did not like the girl, because the girl often scolded him because of his laziness. Finally, he threatened to torture and kill Jambean. He revealed the plan to his wife and the wife was very sad to hear of the threat.
Hearing the news, Jambean was very sad but she volunteered herself to be killed by her father. She told that she wanted to be dumped into a dam and did not burry under the ground after the death. The mother agreed and did all of her wants. In the dam, her body and head suddenly turned into the golden slugs.
Several years later, there are two widows who were looking for firewood. They were kindred, the first widow named Mbok Sambega Rondo and the second called Mbok Rondo Sembagil. When looking for the firewood in the jungle, they were very surprised because of finding the beautiful golden slugs. They brought it and maintained at home.
Once they brought the snails, there was always a miracle every day. Their kitchen was always filled with the delicious food when they came home from work. They were very surprised, and wanted to know the person who made those foods. They pretended to go to work and hid in the back of the house. A few moments later, there was a beautiful girl came from the inside of the conch and she began to cook the delicious meals. Both widows then secretly held and did not let the girl to get into the snail anymore. The girl apparently was Jambean who had been killed by her father. Both widows then allowed her to stay with them. Because of their versatility in weaving, she got her famous back and made a handsome prince attracted. In the end, she married the prince and lived happily.
487 Mouse Deer and Crocodile One day, Mouse Deer went down to the river to take a drink. But he knew that the crocodile might be waiting underwater to eat him, so he said out loud. “I wonder if the water’s warm. I’ll put in my leg and find out.” Of course Mouse Deer didn’t put in his leg. He picked up a stick instead and put one end into the water. Chomp…! Crocodile grabbed the stick and pulled it underwater. Mouse Deer laughed. “Ha… ha…ha… Stupid crocodile! Cant you tell the difference between a stick and a leg?” Then Mouse Deer ran off to drink somewhere else. In the next day, Mouse Deer wanted to cross the river. He wanted to eat the fruits on the other side of the river. He saw a floating log in the river. He knew that Crocodile looked like a log when he floated. Mouse Deer didn’t want to be eaten by Crocodile when he crosses the river. He had an idea. He called out loud, “Crocodile!” Crocodile rose from the water, “Hello, Mouse Deer. Have you come to be my lunch?” Mouse Deer smiled. “Sorry, not today, Crocodile. I have orders from the King. He wants to invite all the crocodiles in this river to a party. He wants me to count all the crocodiles so he could prepare enough meal for you.” “Really…? Tell us what to do,” said Crocodile. “You must line up from this side of the river to the other side,” said Mouse Deer. Crocodile then got all his friends and family. They lined up across the river. Mouse Deer then jumped onto Crocodile’s back. “One,” he counted. He jumped onto the next crocodile, “Two.” And the next crocodile, “Three.” Mouse Deer kept jumping until he arrived on the other side of the river. “How many are there?” asked Crocodile. “Just enough,” said Mouse Deer. He laughed as he ran to the forest.***
Once upon a time there lived a little, named Snow White. She lived with her aunt and uncle because her parents were died. One day she heard her aunt and uncle talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because they wanted to go to America and they didn't have enough money to take Snow White with them. Snow White didn't want her uncle and aunt to do this. So she decided to run away. The next morning she run away from home when her aunt and uncle were having breakfast, she run away into the wood. In the wood she felt very tired and hungry. Then she saw this cottage. She knocked but no one answered so she went inside and felt asleep Meanwhile seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There, they found Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said; “What is your name?”. Snow White said; “My name is Snow White”. One of the dwarfs said; “If you wish, you may live here with us”. Snow White told the whole story about her. Then Snow white and the seven dwarfs lived happily ever after. A bear and a lion
One upon a time a lion and a bear caught and killed a goat. They had a quarrel over it. “It is mine,” said the bear. “I caught it with my strong paws.” “It is not yours. It is mine,” said the lion. “I killed it with my strong jaws.” Then they began to fight over it. They ran up and down the hill, under and over the fallen trees, in and out of the forest. They bit and scratched with their strength, but no one could overcome the other. At last they both were tired out and could fight no longer. They lay upon the ground, panting and looking at each other. A fox who was passing by at the time saw them with a dead goat near by. She ran up to them, took the goat home and ate it up
Gotham (Go’tem) was a little town in England. Once there was a man from Gotham going to market to buy sheep. At gotham bridge, he met a man who had just come back from the market. “Where are you going?” asked the man who had come back to Gotham. “I am going to market to buy sheep,” answered the other. “Which way are you going to bring your sheep home?” asked the first man again. “Over this bridge,” answered the second man. “You shall not go over this bridge,” said the first man. “You shall go that way,” “I will go over this bridge,” said the second man. “You shall not,” said the first man again. “But I will,” replied the other. Soon the two men began to fight. They fought and fought until they both got quite hurt. How foolish they were! They fought over the sheep which were not here. The Legend of Malin Kundang
A long time ago, in a small village near the beach in West Sumatra, a woman and her son lived. They were Malin Kundang and her mother. Her mother was a single parent because Malin Kundang's father had passed away when he was a baby. Malin Kundang had to live hard with his mother . Malin Kundang was a healthy, dilligent, and strong boy. He usually went to sea to catch fish. After getting fish he would bring it to his mother, or sold the caught fish in the town. One day, when Malin Kundang was sailing, he saw a merchant's ship which was being raided by a small band of pirates. He helped the merchant. With his brave and power, Malin Kundang defeated the pirates.
The merchant was so happy and thanked to him. In return the merchant asked Malin Kundang to sail with him. To get a better life, Malin Kundang agreed. He left his mother alone. Many years later, Malin Kundang became wealthy. He had a huge ship and was helped by many ship crews loading trading goods. Perfectly he had a beautiful wife too. When he was sailing his trading journey, his ship landed on a beach near a small village. The villagers recognized him. The news ran fast in the town; “Malin Kundang has become rich and now he is here”. An old woman ran to the beach to meet the new rich merchant. She was Malin Kundang’s mother.
She wanted to hug him, released her sadness of being lonely after so long time. Unfortunately, when the mother came, Malin Kundang who was in front of his well dressed wife and his ship crews denied meeting that old lonely woman. For three times her mother begged Malin Kundang and for three times he yelled at her. At last Malin Kundang said to her "Enough, old woman! I have never had a mother like you, a dirty and ugly woman!" After that he ordered his crews to set sail. He would leave the old mother again but in that time she was full of both sadness and angriness. Finally, enraged, she cursed Malin Kundang that he would turn into a stone if he didn't apologize. Malin Kundang just laughed and really set sail . In the quiet sea, suddenly a thunderstorm came. His huge ship was wrecked and it was too late for Malin Kundang to apologize. He was thrown by the wave out of his ship. He fell on a small island. It was really too late for him to avoid his curse. Suddenly, he turned into a stone.
Prabu Tapa Agung had led a kingdom in West Java for a long time. He was getting old and therefore wanted to choose a successor. But unfortunately, he had no son. He thought of choosing one of his daughters, Purbararang and Purbasari. But it wasn’t an easy choice. They were both very pretty and smart. The only difference was their temperament. Purbararang was rude and dishonest, while Purbasari was kind and caring. With those considerations, Prabu Tapa Agung finally chose Purbasari to be his successor. Purbararang didn’t agree with her father’s decision. “It’s supposed to be me, Father. I’m the eldest daughter!” Purbararang said. Prabu Tapa Agung smiled. “Purbararang, to be a queen takes more than age. There are many other qualities that one must possess,” explained Prabu Tapa Agung wisely. “What does Purbasari have that I don’t?” Purbararang pouted. “You’ll find out when Purbasari has replaced me,” Prabu Tapa Agung answered. After the discussion, Purbararang went back to her room. “Is there something wrong?” asked Indrajaya. Indrajaya is Purbararang’s future husband. “I’m upset! Father chose Purbasari as his successor and not me! I have to do something!” Purbararang said. Driven mad by her anger, she came to a witch and asked her to send rash all over Purbasari’s body. Before going to bed, Purbasari started to feel itch all over her body. She tried applying powder to her body, but it’s no use. Instead, the itching grew even worse. She didn’t want to scratch it, but she just couldn’t help it. In the next morning, there were scratch mark all over Purbasari’s body. “What happened to you?” asked Purbararang, pretending to be concerned. “I don’t know, sis. Last night, my body suddenly felt very itchy. I scratched and scratched, and this is what happened,” Purbasari answered. Purbararang shook her head. “You must have done something really awful. You’ve been punished by the gods!” That day, the whole kingdom was scandalized. “What have you done, Purbasari?” demanded Prabu Tapa Agung. Purbasari shook her head. “I didn’t do anything that would upset the gods, Father,” she answered. “Then how can you explain what happened to your body?” Prabu Tapa Agung asked again. “If you don’t confess, I’ll banish you to the woods.” Purbasari took a deep breath. “Like I said before, I didn’t do anything wrong. And I’d rather be thrown into the woods than to confess to a deed I didn’t commit.”
640 After a short discussion with his advisor, Prabu Tapa Agung ordered Purbasari to be moved to the woods. Purbasari was very sad, but she couldn’t do anything to defy her father’s order. She was accompanied to the woods by a messenger. He built a simple hut for Purbasari. After the messenger left, suddenly a black monkey came to Purbasari’s hut. He carried a bunch of bananas. From behind him, some animals looked on. “Are the bananas for me?’ Purbasari asked. The black monkey nodded, as if he understood what Purbasari said. Purbasari took the bananas with pleasure. She also said thanks. The other animals that were looking on also seemed to smile. “Are you willing to be my friend?” Purbasari asked them. All the animals nodded happily. Although she was living by herself in the woods, Purbasari never lacked of supplies. Everyday, there were always animals bringing her fruits and fish to eat. A long time had passed since Purbasari was banished to the woods, but her body still itched. At some places, her skin was even ulcerating. What am I supposed to do?” Purbasari sighed. The monkey who was sitting next to her stayed still, there were tears in his eyes. He hoped Purbasari would remain patient and strong. One night, on a full moon, the monkey took Purbasari to a valley. There is a pond with hot spring water. The monkey suddenly spoke, “The water of this pond will heal your skin,” he said. Purbasari was surprised, ”You can talk? Who are you?” she asked. “You’ll find out, in time,” the monkey said. Purbasari didn’t want to force the monkey. She then walked to the pond. She bathed there. After a few hours, Purbasari walked out of the pond. She was shocked to see her face reflected on the clear pond water. Her face was beautiful again, with smooth and clean skin. Purbasari observed her entire body. There were no traces of any skin ailments. “I’m cured! I’m cured!” Purbasari shouted in joy. She quickly offered thanks to the gods and also to the monkey. The news of Purbasari’s condition quickly spread to the kingdom, irritating Purbararang. She then accompanied by Indrajaya go to the woods to see Purbasari. Purbasari asked if she would be allowed to go home. Purbararang said she would let Purbasari return to the palace if Purbasari’s hair were longer than hers. Purbararang then let her hair down. It was so long, it almost touched the ground. But it turned out that Purbasari’s hair was twice longer than Purbararang’s hair. “Fine, so your hair is longer than mine.” Purbararang admitted. “But there is one more condition you must fulfill, do you have a future husband who is handsomer than mine?” said Purbararang as she walked toward Indrajaya. Purbasari felt miserable. She didn’t have a future husband yet. So, without much thought, she pulled the black monkey beside her. Purbararang and Indrajaya burst out, but their laughter didn’t last long. The monkey meditates and suddenly transformed into a very handsome young man, a lot more handsome than Indrajaya. “I’m a prince from a kingdom far away. I was cursed to be a monkey because of a mistake I committed. I could regain my true form only if there’s a girl who would be willing to be my wife,” said the young man. Finally, Purbararang gave up. She accepted Purbasari as the queen, and also confessed everything she had done. “Please forgive me. Please don’t punish me,” Purbararang said, asking for forgiveness. Instead of being angry, Purbasari smiled. “I forgive you, sis,” she said. Soon after, Purbasari become queen. Beside her was the handsome prince, the former monkey known as Lutung Kasarung.
670 Cindelaras Cerita rakyat from East Java Raden Putra was the king of Jenggala kingdom. He had a beautiful queen and concubine. Unlike the queen, the concubine had bad personalities. She was envious and jealous with the queen, so she planned to make the queen leave the palace. The concubine then asked the royal healer to help her in her plan. One day, the concubine pretended to be ill. Raden Putra called the royal healer to give the concubine treatments. “What is her disease?” Raden Putra asked the royal healer. “I’m very sorry, My Majesty. She is sick because the queen put poison in her meal,” the royal healer lied. Raden Putra was shock and angry to hear the explanation. He called the queen and asked her if the story was true. Of course the queen denied, but Raden Putra won’t listen. “Please Your Majesty, have mercy. I really didn’t do anything,” cried the queen in her tears. Raden Putra’s anger ended in a decision. The queen should be banished to the woods and terminated. He did not know that the queen was already pregnant. Raden Putra commanded one of his general to do the punishment. The queen was banished to the woods, but the wise general didn’t have the heart to kill her. He built a simple house in the woods for her. On his way back to the palace, he smeared his sword with rabbit blood, so Raden Putra would believe that he had killed the queen. After the general left, the queen lived by herself in the woods. Several months later, she gave birth to a healthy baby boy. The baby was named Cindelaras. He grew up as a nice, healthy, and handsome boy. One day, while Cindelaras helped her mother to collect some fire woods, an eagle dropped an egg. Cindelaras brought the egg to be brooded by a chicken behind their house. The egg hatched into a chick and then it slowly became a strong rooster. The rooster is no ordinary rooster. The rooster could sing. Every morning, the rooster woke Cindelaras up with its beautiful song, “My master is Cindelaras. His house is in the woods. He’s the son of Raden Putra.” The rooster often sang that song. Cindelaras always woke up early in the morning and listen happily to his rooster’s song. He didn’t realize the meaning of the song until one day, he started to think. “Who is Raden Putra?” he asked his mother. The queen then told him the whole story. She also told him why they were banned from the kingdom and lived in the woods. Cindelaras was very surprised. He decided to go to the palace to meet the king, his father. Cindelaras asked her mother’s permission to go to the kingdom and to tell the king what really happened. He also brought his rooster that grew bigger and stronger each day.
695 On his way, Cindelaras stopped at a village. There, he met some people who were involved in cockfighting. They challenge him to see how strong his rooster was. “If your rooster wins, you’ll get a reward,” said the man who challenged him. Cindelaras accepted the challenge. In a few minutes, his rooster defeated the opponent’s rooster. He was challenged again by other man, and one more time, his rooster won. He won again and again. The news about Cindelaras’ rooster quickly spread to the whole Jenggala kingdom and made Raden Putra curious. So, he invited Cindelaras to the palace. “What is your name, boy?” Raden Putra asked as Cindelaras arrived in the palace. “My name is Cindelaras, Your Majesty,” Cindelaras answered. He felt both thrilled and happy to see Raden Putra. Raden Putra challenged Cindelaras with one condition. If Raden Putra’s rooster won, Cindelaras’ head would be cut off. But if Cindelaras’ rooster won, Raden Putra would share half of his wealth. Cindelaras accepted the condition. The competition was held in the front yard of the palace. The two roosters fought bravely. But in just a few minutes, Cindelaras’ rooster won the fight! Raden Putra shook his head and stared at Cindelaras from his seat, “That rooster is no ordinary rooster, and the boy is not an ordinaty boy either. Who is he exactly?” he thought. Raden Putra was about to asked when suddenly Cindelaras’ rooster sang the song, “My master is Cindelaras. His house is in the woods. He’s the son of Raden Putra.” Raden Putra was surprised. “Is it true?” he asked. “Yes, My Majesty. My name is Cindelaras and my mother was the queen,” said Cindelaras. Raden putra called the general who had banished the queen. The general then confessed that he never killed the queen. Later, the royal healer also admitted his mistake. Raden Putra was so shocked. He immediately went to the woods to pick up the queen. Ever since, Cindelaras and his parents lived happily together. As for the concubine, she was sent to the jail as punishment.
710 Roro Jonggrang Long time ago, there was a kingdom named Prambanan. All the people of Prambanan lived peacefully. But then, Prambanan kingdom was attacked and occupied by the Pengging kingdom. Prambanan then was ruled by Bandung Bondowoso of Pengging kingdom. He was a mean king. He also had great supernatural power. His soldiers were not only humans, but also genies. The king of Prambanan had a beautiful daughter named Loro Jonggrang. Bandung Bondowoso fell in love with her and wanted to marry her. “You’re very beautiful. Would you be my queen?” asked Bandung Bondowoso. Loro Jonggrang was shocked. She didn’t like Bandung Bondowoso because he was a mean person. She wanted to refuse, but she afraid that Bandung Bondowoso would be angry and endangered the people of Prambanan. Then, she came up with a plan. “If you want to marry me, you have to build a thousand temples for me in just one night,” said Loro Jonggrang. “What? That’s impossible!” said Bandung Bondowoso. But he did not give up. He consulted with his advisor. “Your Majesty can asked the genies to help built the temples,” said the advisor. So, Bandung Bondowoso summoned his entire genies soldier and commanded them to help him built a thousand temples. The genies worked in unbelievable speed. Meanwhile, Loro Jonggrang heard from her servant that the building of a thousand temples was almost finished. She was so worried. But again, she came up with a great idea. She asked all of her servants to help her. “Please prepare a lot of straw and mortar. Please hurry up!” said Loro Jonggrang. “Burn the straw and make some noise pounding the mortar, quickly.” All those servants did what Loro Jonggrang ordered them; burning straw and pounding the mortar, making the genies think that the sun is going to rise.
16 baris Once upon a time, an old widow wanted a daughter to live with her in the village. Knowing her wish, a huge giant visited her house. He gave her a cucumber seed. He told the old widow that there will be a a baby inside the cucumber. The giant promised to come back for the baby once she turned sixteen.
The old widow planted the seed in her yard. By the next morning, a cucumber grew. She cut it open and found a baby girl inside. The old widow was so happy and named the baby Timun Mas. Day by day, Timun Mas grew into a beautiful lady. The widow remembered what the giant had warned her. So when Timun Mas turned sixteen, the widow told her to run into the jungle with a bag of salt. “You must not let the giant catch you,” the widow cried out as Timun Mas ran into the jungle.
The giant came and asked the widow for Timun Mas. The widow refused to tell him and so he went into the jungle. He angrily called out for Timun Mas. Timun Mas heard his voice and ran away from him. The giant chased her. Timun Mas threw the salt that the widow had given her. It turned the jungle into a muddy field. The muddy field swallowed the giant and he was never seen again. Finally, Timun Mas returned home and lived happily ever after with the old widow.
39 baris Once two friends were walking through the forest. They knew that anything dangerous can happen to them at any time in the forest. So they promised each other that they would remain united in any case of danger.
Suddenly, they saw a large bear approaching them. One of the friends at once climbed a nearby tree. But the other one did not know how to climb. So being led by his common sense, he lay down on the ground breathless, pretending to be a dead man.
The bear came near the man lying on the ground. It smelt in his ears, and slowly left the place. Because the bears do not touch the dead creatures. Now the friend on the tree came down and asked his friend on the ground, “Friend, what did the bear tell you into your ears?” The other friend replied, “The bear advised me not to believe a false friend.”One day, there was a mouse deer. He was thirsty so he wanted to drink on the river.
When the mouse deer came next to the rive, a tiger approached him and wanted to eat him. Of course the mouse deer tried to escape, but the tiger run faster and caught him. In that dangerous situation the mouse deer thought hard how to escape the tiger. Then he got idea and said to the tiger, “Listen! Your mightiness and toughness are all great! But I have my own king. He has a greater strength than yours! I am sure that nobody can match his powers!” Because the tiger felt taunted, he declared that he would challenge the mouse deer’s king.
Next the mouse lead the tiger to the river, and said, “Now Look at the water. You will see my king” Foolishly the tiger looked in the river and surely saw another tiger in the water. Then he growled, but the tiger in the river imitated to growl too. Because of his too high self pride, the tiger jumped into the water, and wanted to fight.
64 baris nOce upon time there were a smart mouse deer. He lived near a river. The mouse deer used to go to the river to drink.
One day, the mouse deer was thirsty. He wanted to drink in the river but he knew that crocodiles were staying and waiting underwater to eat him. He thought hard and got bright idea. He said out loudly. “I will put in my leg and find out whether the water is warm or not” Of course the mouse deer did not do what he said. He did not put his leg but the mouse deer took a wood stick and put one end into the water. Blurrr…! Surely a crocodile grabbed the wood stick and pulled it underwater. Seeing that, the mouse deer laughed and said “Stupid crocodile! Can’t you see the difference between a wood stick and a leg?” Then the mouse deer ran to another side of the river and drink some water.
On the following day, the mouse deer was hungry. He wanted to eat some grass on the side of the river so he had to to cross the dangerous river which was full of crocodiles. Again he thought hard and found another smart idea and said loudly “Crocodiles come up!” then some crocodiles rose from the water. They looked happy and saw their sharp teeth and said “Hello, Mouse Deer. Do you come to be my lunch? We are hungry” The mouse deer just smiled and replied. “Sorry, Crocodiles, not today, I come to you to bring an invitation from the king. You are invited to the party. The king ordered me to count all crocodiles in this river so he knew how to prepare enough meal for you.”All the crocodiles felt happy and said “Really…? Tell us what to do,” said a crocodile. “You have to line up from this side of the river to the other side,” said the mouse deer. Not long after that the crocodile got all his friends and family. He ordered to lined up across the river.
The mouse deer then jumped on the Crocodile’s back. “One,” the mouse deer counted. He jumped onto the next crocodile, “Two.” And he jumped again on the next crocodile, “Three.” he kept jumping until he arrived on the other side of the river. “Just enough,” said the mouse deer. “I have counted all of you” He laughed and ran to the field of grass.
80 baris Once upon time there were a smart mouse deer. He lived near a river. The mouse deer used to go to the river to drink.
One day, the mouse deer was thirsty. He wanted to drink in the river but he knew that crocodiles were staying and waiting underwater to eat him. He thought hard and got bright idea. He said out loudly. “I will put in my leg and find out whether the water is warm or not” Of course the mouse deer did not do what he said. He did not put his leg but the mouse deer took a wood stick and put one end into the water. Blurrr…! Surely a crocodile grabbed the wood stick and pulled it underwater. Seeing that, the mouse deer laughed and said “Stupid crocodile! Can’t you see the difference between a wood stick and a leg?” Then the mouse deer ran to another side of the river and drink some water.
On the following day, the mouse deer was hungry. He wanted to eat some grass on the side of the river so he had to to cross the dangerous river which was full of crocodiles. Again he thought hard and found another smart idea and said loudly “Crocodiles come up!” then some crocodiles rose from the water. They looked happy and saw their sharp teeth and said “Hello, Mouse Deer. Do you come to be my lunch? We are hungry” The mouse deer just smiled and replied. “Sorry, Crocodiles, not today, I come to you to bring an invitation from the king. You are invited to the party. The king ordered me to count all crocodiles in this river so he knew how to prepare enough meal for you.”All the crocodiles felt happy and said “Really…? Tell us what to do,” said a crocodile. “You have to line up from this side of the river to the other side,” said the mouse deer. Not long after that the crocodile got all his friends and family. He ordered to lined up across the river.
The mouse deer then jumped on the Crocodile’s back. “One,” the mouse deer counted. He jumped onto the next crocodile, “Two.” And he jumped again on the next crocodile, “Three.” he kept jumping until he arrived on the other side of the river. “Just enough,” said the mouse deer. “I have counted all of you” He laughed and ran to the field of grass.Once upon a time, there lived as neighbors, a bear and a rabbit. The rabbit was a good shot. In contrary, the bear was always clumsy and could not use the arrow to good advantage.
One day, the bear called over the rabbit and asked the rabbit to take his bow and arrows and came with bear to the other side of the hill. The rabbit was preventing to arouse the bear’s anger so he could not refuse it. He consented and went with the bear and shot enough buffalo to satisfy the hungry family. Indeed he shot and killed so many that there was lots of meat left after the bear and his family had loaded themselves and packed all they could carry home.
The bear was very gluttonous and did not want the rabbit to get any of the meat. The rabbit could not even taste the blood from the butchering as the bear would throw earth on the blood and dry it up. The poor rabbit would have to go home hungry after his hard day’s work.
The bear was the father of five children. The youngest child was very kind to the rabbit. He was very hearty eater. The mother bear always gave him an extra large piece of meat but the youngest child did not eat it. He would take it outside with him and pretended to play ball with the meat. He kicked toward the rabbit’s house and when he got close to the door he would give the meat with such a great kick. The meat would fly into the rabbit’s house. In this way, the poor rabbit would get his meal unknown to the papa bear.
40 baris For people in East Java, Jatim Park may have been heard many times as it is one of the famous tourism object in East Java province. Jatim Park offers a recreation place as well as a study center.Jatim Park is located at Jl. Kartika 2 Batu, East Java. To reach the location is not too difficult because the object is only 2, 5 kilos meters from Batu city. This Jatim Park tourism object is about 22 hectares width. Kuta is the exciting tourist area on the southern part of Bali. It is located in southwestern Bali, just minutes from the airport. Kuta is one of the world’s most famous beaches. It first attracted Western surfers with its world renowned surf break followed closely behind by sun worshipers and party goers attracted to its wide stretches of white sandy beach. Kuta, In addition to being the sunset site number one, is also the center of night life activities. Kuta has a shopping mecca, with its lines of shops, boutiques, and galleries. Restaurants line up the streets as well as the beachfront hotels, ranging from a small, inexpensive homestay to a luxurious resort There are many night clubs along Jalan Legian and Jalan Pantai Kuta. The busiest time for all night clubs are around from 22:00 and will close until down. This example of descriptive text “contoh text descriptive” is arranged from: Singapore, yes it is a famous country. Have you ever visited Singapore? Well, if you haven’t, let me tell you about Singapore. Singapore is an island city. Its population is about three millions people. Most Singaporeans live in high-rise apartments. Singapore is a beautiful city with lots of parks and open spaces. It is also a very clean city. You know, the business district is very modern, with lots of tall and new buildings. Now, let me tell you about the old section of the city. In Chinatown, there are rows of old shop houses. The government buildings in Singapore are also very unique and antique. They date from the British colonial days. Shopping! Wow, this is the part that I like very much! Singapore is famous for its many good shopping centers. Most of the goods are duty free. It’s a heaven for shoppers! What about food? Uhmm ..yummy..yummy. It’s delicious. Singapore’s restaurants provide Chinese, Indian, Malay, and European food, and the prices are quite reasonable. I bet you’ll like it. Well, since Singapore lies near the equatorial line, of course, it has a tropical climate, with a nice weather in both dry and rainy season. Visitor can enjoy at least 36 kinds of facilities which can attract them as well as give new knowledge. Just after the pass gate, the visitors will find an interesting view of ‘Galeri Nusantara’ area. This study offering continues to step on ‘Taman Sejarah’ area, which contains of miniature temple in East Java like Sumberawan temple, customhouse of Kiai Hasan Besari Ponorogo and Sumberawan Statue. The other facility which is able to be enjoyed is ‘Agro Park’ area. It presents crop and rareness fruits, animal diorama which consists of unique animals that have been conserved, and supporting games like bowling, throw ball, scooter disco, etc Jatim Park is suitable for family and school recreation. The recreation area sites offer precious tour and can used as alternative media of study. Do you know Easter Island? Well, Easter Island is in the South Pacific, 3,700 kilometers from the coast of Chile. On the island, there are 600
80 baris large statues. We don’t know who built them but they were probably constructed between 1150 and 1500. We don’t really know why they are there, The Easter Island. Norwegian explorer, Thor Heyerdahl, believed that they were built by people from South America. To prove this, he made a simple raft and sailed there, all the way from Peru. Archaeologists think that the statues represent dead tribal leaders. We don’t know why the statues left alone on the island. Perhaps they were killed by disease or war. Perhaps the builders used all the natural resources on the island. There are many unanswered questions about Easter Island. Michael Douglas is a very famous and popular American actor. He is about sixty years old. He is a slim person and he is average height. He has got light brown eyes and short fair hair. His wife is a very beautiful British actress who is named Catherine Zeta-Johns, she has got green eyes and long straight black hair. They have got a daughter who is two years old. They all live in the United States Of America. My best friend is Ernesto and he is my classmate. We go to school together. Ernesto comes from an educated family. His father is a school principal and his mother is also a teacher. He is punctual, well-educated, and has good manners. He is really hard working. He always does his homework. He is also well-dressed and well-behaved. All teachers have a high opinion of him. Ernesto has a well-built body. He is gentle but fearless. He takes part in all sports, scout, trekking and mountaineering activities. He has a good heart. He is truthful, honest and obedient. He also plays the guitar, and he makes his parents very proud of him. He secures good marks and is usually top of his class in examinations. He inspires me to work harder. He keeps me away from bad company. I am happy to have such a friend. Hi,my name is Lizzie and my surname is Brown. I’m ten years old and I’m American. I live in 27 Lincoln Street in New York. It is a big city in the USA. I’m tall and thin. I’ve got long brown hair, black eyes, a small nose and a big mouth. I’ m wearing a yellow blouse, an orange skirt, pink socks and blue trainers. Today I’ve got two nice bunches with two yellow ribbons in my hair. I’m good-temperate , polite and happy. My favorite food is pizza and my favorite drink is coke. I like cats very much. I can play tennis, but I can’t play basketball. Hi, I am Vivian. Today I want to tell about my best friend, Claudia. Claudia is special. I like her spontaneous nature. She is young, exuberant, and lively; she is slim and active. She often wears colorful clothes. Do you see her picture? She wears a green shirt and her favorite jeans. She has a creative mind: students love her passionate outlook on life. Jacques has been my close friend for two years. I first met him on a school exchange trip to Calais, France. I asked him the way to the library and we started talking. We’ve been friends ever since. Jacques is quite good-looking. He’s tall and slim, with olive skin and curly dark hair. Like many French people, he has a great sense of style, so he always looks well-dressed even in casual clothes. Jacques is very outgoing. He is always friendly and loves to have fun. He’s got a fantastic sense of humour and he always makes me laugh. However, he can be a bit immature at times. For
120 baris example, when he doesn’t get what he wants, he acts childishly and stamps his feet. Jacques is very keen on water sports. He likes sailing and he spends a lot of time on his boat. He enjoys scuba diving, too, and loves exploring life under sea. All in all, I’m glad to have Jacques as my friend. It’s a pleasure to be with him and I really enjoy his company. I’m sure we’ll always be close friends. Hallo guys.. How are you today? I hope you are fine.. Oke, In this occasion, I will share example of Descriptive Text. But, do you still remember about the definition of Descriptive Text? What is Descriptive Text? yup.. Descriptive Text is a text that describe a person, place or things. Its social function is to describe a person, place or things in specific. How about the generic structure? The generic structure of descriptive text is Identification, and description… If you write a description about one of your your friend that the name is blablabla. Then you write about his or her face, tall, age, skin, hair, etc, in detail. It means you make a Descriptive text. What you wrote is Descriptive Text. If you write about one of your cat, and you describe it features, It’s is the same. I am sure you have understand about it. I will not explain in longger again. Now, Let’s discuss about the example of Descriptive Text. I hope you will more understand about this text after reading some example below. Oke, please read carefully and understand some example below… I live in a small house. It has five rooms: there are two bedrooms, a living room, a bathroom, and a kitchen. Indeed it is a small house; but I like living in here for wasting my spare time. When the door is open, I can see the living room. It is so small with only three chairs and a table, nothing else. I prefer reading a novel in this room. My bedroom is in the left side of the living room. In this room there is a night table next to the bed, a TV, a radio, and a computer. When being bored of reading, I usually play online games, chat with my friends via Facebook and so on. Next to my bedroom is my mother’s. I do not know what is inside because I never come in to see it. In the right side of the living room there is the kitchen. In the kitchen I have everything I need when I get hungry. It is very pleasure when my mother cooks, the smell fills my whole house. I know it is a very small house; but it is the best place I have ever seen. Contoh Descriptive Text Pendek – My Family My family has four members: those are I, my sister, and parents of course. My mother is 47 years old. Her name’s Anisa. She’s thin-faced and she’s got long, blond hair and beautiful green eyes. She is still slim because she always tries to stay in shape. She is very good-looking, always well-dressed and elegant. My father, Lukman, is 5 years older than my mother. He is 52. In spite of his age he’s still black-haired, with several grey hairs. He has bright blue eyes. He is quite tall, but a bit shorter than me. He’s very hard-working. Besides that he is working in a travel company. He can even make a dinner when my mother is outside. His cooking and his meals are always very tasty as well as my mothers’. Finally, my sister Nadina. She is 22. She is also red-haired and green-eyed. She has long wavy hair and freckles. She is definitely shorter than me. She is rather introverted. But she is very sensible, smart and co-operative. Right now she is studying English and also knows Arabic and
160 baris Mandarin. I want to be so smart as she is. They all, except me, speak Sundanese very well, because we were living in Bandung for 5 years. My sister have been going to primary school there. Unfortunately I was only 3 when we were leaving to Jakarta, so I can’t speak Sundanese. Now we are happily living in Jakarta. Contoh Descriptive Text Pendek – My Sphynx Cat Sphynx Cats My Sphynx cat is the only pet I have. He has a little hair but is not totally hairless as he has a peach fuzz over much of his body. His coat is often a warm chamois. My Sphynx has a normal cat proportion. I like his tail although my mom say that it is like a rats tail. I love his usual color varieties including, tortoiseshell, chocolate, black, blue, lilac, chocolate etc. He is really an amazing cat. Believe it or not, he is very intelligent cat. He can respond my voice commands. He is really funny as well as my friends get a joke. I love him so much as I love my mother. Contoh Descriptive Text Pendek – My Mother My mother is a beautiful person. She is not tall but not short, and she has curly hair and brown. Her eyes color are like honey and her color skin color light brown, and she has a beautiful smile. Her weight likes 120 lbs. She is a very kind person. She is very lovely, friendly, patient, and she loves to help people. I love my mom, because she is a good example to me. She loves being in the Church, and she loves sing and dance too. She is a very good child, wife and mother. She always takes care of her family. She likes her house to be clean and organized. She a very organized person, and all things in the house are in the right place. She doesn’t like messes. She always has a smile on her face. She is so sweet and lovely. I like when I am going to sleep or went I wake up or when I am going to go to some places, she always give me a kiss, and when the family have a problem she always be with us to helps us and to give us all her love. Contoh Descriptive Text Pendek – My Classmate, Yuta Yuta is one of the 150 International students at the ELC of Brigham Young University. He is from Japan. He grew up in Japan, and he is 19 years old. There are six people in his family, a father, a mother, three sisters and himself. He is the youngest in his family. He is also the only boy in his family, but now he is in Provo, Utah, studying English. Yuta likes the United States very much and he thinks everything is cheap. Yuta thinks his English classes are excellent and the teachers are professionals. Yuta thinks someone in his class is noisy so he doesn’t like that. In his free time he spends too much time sleeping, so it seems that he has a sleeping sickness. Borobudur Temple (Identification) Borobudur is a Buddhist temple. It was built in the ninth century under Sailendra dynasty of ancient Mataram kingdom. Borobudur is located in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. (Description) Borobudur is well-known all over the world. Its construction is influenced by the Gupta architecture of India. The temple is constructed on a hill 46 meter high and consists of eight steps like stone terrace. The first five terraces are square and surrounded by walls adorned with Buddhist sculpture in bas-relief. The upper three are circular. Each of them is with a circle of bell shape-stupa. The entire upper structure is crowned by a large stupa at the center of the top circle. The way to the summit extends through some 4.8 km of passage and stairways.
200 baris The design of Borobudur symbolizes the conception of universe in Buddhist cosmology. It is believed that the universe is divided into three spiritual spheres, kamadhatu, rupadhatu, and arupadhatu. The first sphere, kamadhatu, represents respectively the sphere of desires where we are bound to our desires; the second sphere, rupadhatu, represents forms where we abandon our desires but are still bound to name and form; and the last sphere, arupadhatu, represents formlessness where there is no longer either name or form. Borobudur temple which is rededicated as an Indonesian monument in 1983 is a valuable treasure for Indonesian people. With its magnificent size and architecture, no wonder that Borobudur Temple includes 7 wonders of the world. Have you ever watch the cartoon movie “Kung Fu Panda”? The panda in the movie is described as a fat animal, love-noodle eater, and Kung Fu master. But the Panda that will be described below is not the Panda who can do Kung Fu like in that movie. Here is the description about Panda. (Description) Pandas are bear-like animal which originally live in center and western part of China. Pandas have distinguish features that make them different other species of bear. Pandas have white thick fur which covers all of their body with black eyes patches, ears, nose, legs, shoulders, and arms. Those black marks make Pandas unique and different. Like other species of bear, pandas have a big head, a short tail, rounded ears, and a long muzzle with a big nose. However, pandas’ diet is totally different with other species of bear; in which they prefer bamboos than others. 90% of pandas’ diet consists of bamboos. That is why pandas have adapted their body to help them in eating bamboos. Pandas have a big jaw with tough muscles and strong molars to crush bamboos so they can extract the nutrients they need. (Identification) Wakatobi is the name of an archipelago and regency in Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia. The name of Wakatobi is derived from the names of the main islands in the archipelago: Wangiwangi, Kaledupa, Tomea, and Binangko. Do you know what? It is the best diving sites ever. (Description) There are many reasons why I call Wakatobi as the best diving sites ever. First, the reefs in Wakatobi diving are unlike others in the region because of the dry climate and uplifted limestone. This means Wakatobi is an exceptionally clean environment due to the lack of soil erosion. Second, being a national park, fishing is strictly limited and the reefs of Wakatobi are protected. These superb reefs are supported and protected by the local fishing communities who obtain a fair share of the income generated by Wakatobi dive tourism in exchange for adopting more sustainable practices, such as leaving large stretches of reef completely untouched. Third, Wakatobi is located at the world’s coral reef triangle center with its 942 fish species and 750 coral reef species from a total of 850 world’s collection comparing to the two world’s famous diving center of the Caribbean Sea that owes only 50 species and other 300 species in the red sea. Lembah Pelangi Waterfall sounds unfamiliar for either local or foreign tourists. Lembah Pelangi Waterfall is located in Sukamaju village, Ulubelu sub district, Tanggamus district, Lampung province, Indonesia. The access to this place is quite difficult because Ulu Belu sub district is a remote area in Lampung with its hilly contours which make this tourist spot elusive. Lembah Pelangi Waterfall has two levels where the waterfall on the second level has two branches. The height of the first level waterfall is about 100 meters, while the second level
240 baris waterfall is about dozens of meters. The best enchantment of this waterfall is the rainbow which appears between the valley and the waterfall as the name suggests. The soft flowing gurgling waterfall sounds is like a chant of nature which can remove the tiredness of the long trip to go there. Under the waterfall, there are several spots of warm water which can be an interesting spot for bathing. In this place, you will be shown a panorama of natural beauty which is very interesting for every pair of eyes seeing it. Rocky hills accompanied by leafy trees will actually soothe both your eyes. Way Kambas National Park Way Kambas National Park is a national park for elephant sanctuary located in Lampung precisely in the Labuhan Ratu sub district, East Lampung, Indonesia. Way Kambas National Park, established in 1985, is the first school for elephant in Indonesia. In the beginning of its establishment, Way Kambas National Park was named the Elephant Training Center / Pusat Latihan Gajah (PLG), but the last few years this name was changed into Elephant Conservation Center / Pusat Konservasi Gajah (PKG), which is expected to become a center for elephant conservation in taming, training, breeding and conserving elephants. Until now, this PKG has trained for about 300 elephants which have been deployed to all over the country. In Way Kambas National Park, there are some endangered animals such as Sumatran Rhinos, Sumatran elephant, Sumatran tiger, Mentok Rimba, and Buaya sepit. There are also so some plants which are mostly found there such as Api-api, Pidada, Nipah, and Pandan. On the marshy coasts of Way Kambas National Park is often found various species of birds, such as, Lesser Adjutant, Pheasant Blue, Kuau Raja, Pependang Timur, and some other birds. Lampung is not only famous for its Way Kambas National Park. One of the best tourist attractions of this province is Tanjung Setia Beach. This beach is located in the village of Tanjung Setia, West Lampung district, Lampung province. It is about 273 km or about six to seven hour driving from Bandar Lampung, the capital city of Lampung province. This beach has not been well known by the citizens of Indonesia yet, but for the world surfers this beach is a hidden paradise for surfing. This beach is exactly laid on the track of large Indian Ocean currents that make this beach have waves which are quite perfect for surfing. The perfect wave of this beach usually lasts from June to August with the height which can reach up to six to seven meters with a 200 meters length. In addition to perfect waves for surfing, the beach also has an ambience which is quite natural with white sand along the beach. Rows of palm tree which grow also adorn this beach. For local people, the beach area is also an ideal place for fishing. Some fish which are often obtained by the fisherman are blue marlin which is so big enough that its weight can reach up to 70 kilograms. By local residents this fish is known by the name of Iwa Tuhuk. Jakarta City Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia. It is centrally located within the country on the northwest coast of Java Island at the mouth of the Ciliwung river. Jakarta dominates Indonesian’s administrative, economy, cultural activities, and is a major commercial and transportation hub within Asia-with a population of about 9 million, Jakarta has more people than any other cities in Indonesia. (Jakarta adalah ibu kota dari Indonesia. Itu pusatnya terletak dalam negara itu di pantai barat laut Pulau Jawa di muara sungai Ciliwung. Jakarta mendominasi administrasi, ekonomi, kegiatan
280 baris budaya Indonesia, dan merupakan sebuah pusat komersial dan transportasi utama di Asia-dengan populasi sekitar 9 juta, Jakarta memiliki lebih banyak orang daripada kota-kota lain di Indonesia.) The climate is hot and humid year-round. Rainfall occurs throughout the year, although it is the heaviest from November to May. To average annual precipitation in Jakarta is 1, 790 mm. The city lies on a flat, low plain and is prone to flooding during periods of heavy rainfall. Kota is city’s oldest commercial area. It is located south of the old Sunda Kelapa harbour. Glodok, the south of Kota is a banking, retail and residential neighborhood with a large Chinese population. Merdeka Square with Monas (The National Monument) dominates the city’s central district. Surrounding the square are Istana Merdeka, the presidential palace, the National Museum, and the Istiqlal Mosque. Thanksgiving Day Thanksgiving or Thanksgiving Day is a celebration of harvest, thankfulness for peace, and the attempt of Native Americans. It is usually celebrated in late autumn. (Thanksgiving atau Hari Thanksgiving adalah perayaan panen, syukur untuk perdamaian, dan upaya penduduk asli Amerika. Hal ini biasanya dirayakan di akhir musim gugur) In the past, Thanksgiving was celebrated for their rich harvest in New England. In North America, however, it was originally held to thank God for their survival in the new land which was not easy for them. However, in Canada, it had been celebrated as in New England. Thanksgiving now is celebrated in United States of America and in Canada. Thanksgiving festivals are held every fourth Thursday of November in the U.S and on the second Monday of October in Canada. It is usually celebrated in four to five days in the North America and for three days in Canada. Hallo guys.. How are you today? I hope you are fine.. Oke, In this occasion, I will share example of Descriptive Text. But, do you still remember about the definition of Descriptive Text? What is Descriptive Text? yup.. Descriptive Text is a text that describe a person, place or things. Its social function is to describe a person, place or things in specific. How about the generic structure? The generic structure of descriptive text is Identification, and description… If you write a description about one of your your friend that the name is blablabla. Then you write about his or her face, tall, age, skin, hair, etc, in detail. It means you make a Descriptive text. What you wrote is Descriptive Text. If you write about one of your cat, and you describe it features, It’s is the same. I am sure you have understand about it. I will not explain in longger again. Now, Let’s discuss about the example of Descriptive Text. I hope you will more understand about this text after reading some example below. Oke, please read carefully and understand some example below.. Contoh Discriptive Text Singkat tentang Tabuhan Cave If you go to Pacitan-East Java, I recommend you to visit Tabuhan Cave. Tabuhan Cave is located in a lime hill called Tapan, in Tabuhan, Wareng village, Pacitan-West Java. The route is easy. Along the road there is beautiful tropical scenery to enjoy rice fields, coconut plants and birds. In there, you will be offered extraordinary experiences from its uniqueness place, its beautiful scenery and its historical site.
320 baris Tabuhan Cave is a unique cave. In the cave, the visitors will be welcomed with gamelan music that is like embrace them to dace. The gamelan music is produced by the local gamelan musicians and the cave itself. Yup, it is why the cave is called Tabuhan Cave. What makes this unique is that they mix gamelan with the sounds of nature. The visitors dance, forgetting all problems. It is said that Tabuhan Cave is the only place where nature produces sounds like the music of gamelan. Tabuhan Cave did not use to welcome visitors. Tabuhan Cave used to be a hiding place for robbers. It is also believed to be a sacred place by many people. The cave is dark, so people need lights, and a local guide will lead the way. Sometimes visitors bump their heads against the sharp rocks on the ceiling. There is a stream in the cave, in the east corner, which can only be seen outside. However, it can be heard from inside. Inside the cave there is a plain big stone which is believed to be the prayer mat of Pangeran Diponegoro, one of the Indonesian heroes who fought against the Dutch. It is said that Pangeran Diponegoro used to seclude himself in the cave. Some people now use the place for meditation. My Lovely Cat I have a stray cat as my pet. He is really playful, He loved to play with me and the new things he found. He has orange and white fur, his fur is so soft and I like to rubs it for him. He has a long tail. He likes to play with it. He is also always try to catch his tail sometimes. I also like to hold him in my hand, when i hold him like that he will fall asleep.
My Dog My dad bought me a dog on my birthday. It is a male golden retriever dog. I really love him as my pet. His name is Jiji. He has brown fur. His fur is really soft and he likes to be rubbed on his belly. He has a long tail and big body. I always take him for walk around because he really like it. Jiji is already as the part of our family. My Rabbit I have a rabbit. His fur is white and has black spots. He has long ears and a short tail. He also has cute red big eyes! My rabbit likes to eat carrot and other vegetables. When I release my rabbit out of his cage, he used to jump everywhere and hard to catch. So, I could just put him on his cage because I'm afraid that he might running away. I don't wanna lost my rabbit because I love him very much. My Goldenfish When I was going to carnival, I bought a beautiful goldenfish. He has golden-yellow colour. His head and belly is round and big. I put it on my aquarium. I love him when he's swimming, he's really cute. It is really relaxing by just seeing him swimming. Panda I went to the zoo yesterday and I saw panda for the first time. Panda is the very cute animal I've ever seen. It has little eyes with black spots around them. His body is black and white colored. Panda's body is almost look alike with bear. Panda looks like tame animals but it's actually not. Panda eats bamboo and they almost eat 40 kg bamboo in just one day. Panda is animal from china. I like Panda because they're cute.
Elephant Elephant is a herbivor animal and eat all almost all of the vegetations and fruits. They have almost hairless skin, wide ears, four legs, and long trunk. Elephants is known as the largest mammals. The elephants also have very sharp auditory because they have big and wide ears. By
360 baris these ears, they can hear sounds from a distance about tens kilometer. At the back of the ears, they have one of the softest parts of their body which is called the knuckle. In a zoo, Mahouts (elephant trainers) use their feet to steer or give commands to the animal via tha knuckle. Now, they are a kind of protected animals because their population remains little in their habitat. Their population began to decline year by year. Giraffe Giraffes are the tallest mammals in the world. We can find them in central, eastern and southern Africa. Some of them are also kept in the zoo. A giraffe has a long neck and long legs. The long neck helps it to eat leaves from the tall trees. It pulls the leaves by its long tounge. Around his body, it has spotted patterns. “Giraffa camelopardalis” is its scientific name. On the top of its head, there are small “horns” or knobs. They are used to protect the head when fighting. I live with my little family. It consist of four members, there are my father, my mother, my older brother, and of course I as the youngest family member. My mother is middle-aged woman, now she is about 48 years old. Her name is Mrs. Khomariyah. She has beautiful face and black long straight hair. Her eyes just like ordinary Asian woman, black. She is a bit fat because she rarely does exercise as a busy housewife. However, she can manage her dress well, so he can keep looking good on all her dress. My father is Mr. Jono, he is about 51 years old. Although now he isn’t young anymore but his hair still looks pretty good in black with few grey hairs. His eyes are black like most Asian, especially Indonesian people. He is relatively tall compared to all the family members, about 168cm. He is working on local wood manufacture as the manager. He works hard for his family. Sometimes he also makes tasty meal when my mother isn’t home. I love his cooking, especially the fried rice, it’s just like the yummiest fried rice I have ever tasted. Then the next family member is my older brother, he is Wahyu Budi. Now, he is 23 years old. Just like my parent, my brother also has black eyes and black straight hair. He is taller than me, he is as tall as my father. He is quite smart, diligent, and helpful person. Now he continues his study in learning English and he hope someday can be a good teacher. All of my family, but me, can speak both Javanese and Sundanese fluently. We had been lived in Bandung, precisely in Leuwiliang for about 6 years. Unfortunately we had to move to Surabaya for some reasons when I was 2 years old. So, if they’re talking in Sundanese I have no idea what they are talking about. Now, we have to live our life in here, my beloved city Surabaya. My mother is a quite pretty woman. She has a proportional appearance; she isn’t tall but not too short for about 155cm. Her hair is long, a bit wavy and its color is black. She has black eyes and light brown skin. When she smiles, she looks prettier. She is known as a nice people by people around her. She is also attractive, smart, friendly, and always try to help people around. I love her very much because she is a living figure to me to be a good person. My mom love listening to the music, especially Dangdut. Whenever she cooks in the kitchen, she always listens to the Dangdut music and sings along with it. She is a complete person, a good mother and wife. Every day, she takes care of us with all of her warmth love. She manages the house well, keeps it clean and in good order. She doesn’t like if any stuff in our house misplaced, everything has to be where it should be placed and don’t mess around.
400 baris She spreads her smile all the time to everyone. With the smile on her face, she looks gorgeous. Behind her beauty, she is a great woman for my family. She is strong woman who help her family whenever we face a problem. Best mom ever who give all her love for her family. My father is Yayan Hariadi. Now he is about 43 years old. My father is a good-looking person with his ideal appearances. His nose is pointed. He has thick eyebrows and oval shaped face. Her skin is dark brown since he spends a lot of time working in the field. He has strong arms and legs because he does such heavy work routinely. He is a farmer. He manages his farm well. He plants a lot of vegetables, such as cucumber, tomato, chili, and also rice. Since we live in a good place to plant many vegetables, my father doesn’t meet any difficulties in getting a good corp. Even though many people underestimate such profession but I’m proud of him. Without farmers who produce a plenty of food to support the people, there will be a lot of people who suffer in starvation. One of my father’s hobbies is fishing. He likes to spend a couple hours jus for waiting a fish catches his bait. Most people think it is boring, but for my father it’s like the best activity to do in his spare time. Besides that, my father love listening to the music. Traditional music is a genre he likes most, such as Campursari and Tayub. He also likes traditional puppet show or called “Wayang Kulit”. He loves local cultures. He ever said that local culture is our identity; if we lost it then we lost our identity. He is a great man for me and my family. He can be a good father and sometimes he can take mom’s part when she is outside such as prepare the lunch, clean and manages the house. He can also be a good friend for his children. The best part when I have a conversation with him is he always can make fun joke, and that always make me laughing so hard. I have an older brother, his name is Wahyu Riskianto. I and my older brother have couple things in common. Both of us have short straight hair. My brother and I also have the same a bit round shaped face, thin eyebrows, and black eyes' color. We both have a bit tanned skin since we like to play football together. With all those similarities plus the fact that we are just 4 years different, no wonder if many people think that we are twin. My brother is an introvert person. He doesn’t talk too much to any person who doesn’t close enough to him. Most of his time, he spends to learn and train his skill in his hobby. He loves painting and drawing picture. Usually he draws caricature or beautiful view. I like his artworks, it is pretty colorful and attractive. My brother is a patient and kind person, especially to me. He always helps me when I have a problem. He is quite smart person also. So, when I find some trouble in doing my school tasks, like mathematic or science, I always ask for his help. We also like to spend the time together by playing game. In short, he is the best brother in the world to me. My little sister is Rika Suci Wardhani. I usually call her Aci. As a little girl she is very cute and adorable. The next two month she will be 5. She is the youngest of three siblings. She is a little bit fat and has chubby cheeks. She has long black and a bit wavy hair. Her eyes' color are black too and her skin is light brown. With her wide-opened eyes and chubby cheek, she makes every person want to pinch her adorable cheeks.
440 baris My sister is an active girl, she always playing all day long. Usually she plays doll with her friends. She is a kind girl, so no wonder if she has a lot of friends. She also feels curious about anything new to her, such as asking what does the sign on the street means or how rainbow happens. Sometimes all of her questions are annoying for me, but I know she is going to grow to be a smart girl. She loves to eat, especially candy and snack. That’s why she has those chubby cheeks. She likes most all food, but her favorite one is fried chicken. My mother often cooks it for her. I love my little sister very much because she is the only one annoying cute girl in my family. Danau Toba or Toba Lake is one of the most popular destinations in Indonesia, especially in Medan, North Sumatra. Danau Toba is the largest volcanic lake in Indonesia, even in the Southeast Asia. Which make it more special is taken from the Samosir Island, an Island that settled in the middle of the lake. Lake Toba is an area of 1,707 km², we can say that this is 1,000 km² bigger than Singapore. It formed by a gigantic volcanic eruption some 70,000 years ago, it is probably the largest resurgent caldera on Earth. Pulau Samosir or Samosir Island, The island in the middle, was joined to the caldera wall by a narrow isthmus, which was cut through to enable boats to pass; a road bridge crosses the cutting. Samosir island is the cultural centre of the Batak tribe, the indigenous from North Sumatra. By the eruption of a super volcano (Mount Toba) was estimated to have caused mass death and extinction of several species of living creatures. The eruption of Mount Toba has led to changes in the earth’s weather and the start into the ice age that affects the world civilization. Lake Toba is actually more like a sea than a lake considering its size. Therefore, the Lake placed as the largest lake in Southeast Asia and the second largest in the world after Lake Victoria in Africa. Lake Toba is also includes the deepest lake in the world, which is approximately 450 meters. Borobudur is the biggest Buddhist temple in the ninth century measuring 123 x 123 meters. It is located at Magelang, 90-km southeast of Semarang, or 42-km northwest of Yogyakarta. Borobudur temple is the one of the best-preserved ancient monument in Indonesia that are most frequently visited by over a million domestic as well as foreign visitors. It also had been acclaimed by the world as a cultural heritage main kind. The architectural style has no equal through out the world. It was completed centuries before Angkor Wat in Kamboja. Borobudur is one of the world’s most famous temples; it stands majestically on a hilltop overlooking lush green fields and distant hills. Borobudur is built of gray andesite stone. It rises to seven terraces, each smaller than the one below it. The top is the Great Stupa, standing 40 meters above the ground. The walls of the Borobudur are sculptured in bas-reliefs extending over a total length of six kilometers. It has been hailed as the largest and most complete ensemble of Buddhist relieves in the world, unsurpassed in artistic merit and each scene an individual masterpiece. Borobudur temple built in the eighth century by the Cailendra dynasty, is believed to have been derived from the Sanskrit words “Vihara Buddha Uhr” the Buddhist Monastery on the hill. Borobudur is a terraced temple surmounted by stupas, or stone towers; the terraces resemble Indonesian burial foundations, indicating that Borobudur was regarded as the symbol of the final resting place of its founder, a Syailendra, who was united after his death with the Buddha. The
480 baris Prambanan temple complex is also associated with a dead king. The inscription of 856 mentions a royal funeral ceremony and shows that the dead king had joined Shiva, just as the founder of the Borobudur monument had joined the Buddha. Divine attributes, however, had been ascribed to kings during their lifetimes. A Mahayana inscription of this period shows that a ruler was said to have the purifying powers of a bodhisattva, the status assumed by the ruler of Shrivijaya in the 7th century; a 9th-century Shaivite inscription from the Kedu Plain describes a ruler as being “a portion of Shiva.” The Borobudur was in danger of collapsing as its stone statues and stone cancer, moss and lichen affected bas-reliefs. But, the monument has been completely restored and was officially opened by the President on 23rd February 1983. The restoration took eight years to complete, funded by the Government of Indonesia with aid from the UNESCO and donations from private citizens as well as from foreign governments. The visitors have the option of going by taxi or public bus to reach this temple. Public transportation is available from the bus terminal. From that point visitors can hire becaks or horse carts, or walk the rest of the way to the monument. A large parking area is available not far from the monument, so private cars and buses can park in this area. I live in a small house, it has five rooms : there are two bedrooms , a living room, a bath room, and a kitchen. I like to live in there. when the door is open, I can see the living room. it is small with only three chairs and a table, nothing else. I prefer reading a novel in this room. My bedroom is in the left side of the living room. in this living room there is a night table next to the bed, a tv, a radio and a computer when being board of reading, I usually play online games or chat with my friends via facebook and so on. I know it is very small house, but I love it so much. My Mom My mother is a very beautiful woman. Her tall is about 165 cm and her weight is about 55 kg. She has a black and shiny curly hair. She also has a pointed nose and a dimple that makes her beautiful. Her eyes are brown like my eyes. My mother has a light brown skin color like most common women in Indonesia. Her red lips and white teeth combine to form a beautiful smile. My mom is not fat and skinny too. I think her body is pretty proportional. She is a very nice, a friendly, and a patient woman. My mom loves her family so much. She is the best mother in the world. She plays her role as a housewife nicely. She never forgets her responsibilities as a mother. Although she is very busy at work, she never forgets her family. My mom really loves cleanliness. She always keeps her home clean and healthy. Besides being a good mom, she is the greatest chef who ever existed. She is very smart to make a tasty food. I loved food made by her especially her fried chicken. My mom is also good with others. She is happy to help friends and neighbors who are in trouble. Because she has a very high social soul, my mom always takes pity on people who need help. My mother is so disciplined with religion. She is very diligent in worship and always reminds us to continue praying to god. There are still a lot of things that I could not say about my mother because I think my mother is a perfects mom for myself and my family. I wish I could find a mother like her for my children in the future. Identification I have to pick up someone today at
520 baris the airport. He is from Australia. His name is George. I never meet him before and I do not have his picture. So, I prepare a small board and write his name. I will bring that at the airport. I hope George will find me. Description Before his flight, he informed that he wore black shirt, blue jeans, and red shoes. He also brought a big orange bag. What I had known from him is that he has 190 cm tall, thin body, his hair is red, and he has thick mustache. Identification
One day I went to a haunted house at the one of tourism place at my city. Of course it was not a real haunted house, but only a creation of a room with horror atmosphere.
That haunted house always made me curious to go inside and see because many people was screaming when entering it. Description
I decided to buy the ticket and see inside. I wanted to feel the horror.
The room was dark, only using a few thematic lighting focused in specific spots which the ghost properties were displayed. The room was also divided into 4 parts with different theme of horror.
Every visitor would be entering all parts to find the exit and no one can be out of that room except by passing through the exit door.
At the first-third part of that room I only saw any kinds of scary display using the theme of ghost, there were some fake ghost made form dolls, fake cemeteries and some old furniture which made us imagine about the ghost.
At the last part of that room there were a lot of actors who wore any kinds of ghost costume and make up. They were moving around and shocked the visitor. This part was the best one that impressed people about the fear of the haunted house. Contoh Deskripsi Benda Dalam Bahasa Inggris – Buku
contoh deskripsi benda dalam bahasa inggris - buku
via pinterest.com Identification
A have a book which I bought last year. The book is a novel which titled The Story of An Idiot. I love that book because when I read it I get not only knowledge but also entertainment.
Unfortunately I had loss this book. I guess I lose it at Tugu Station during my trip in Yogyakarta. It was difficult to get that book because I never found it at the book store. I got it at the street book seller in London. Description
The colour of the book’s cover is dominated in red. The picture of that cover is a young man in a black jacket walking through the bridge.
At the first page of that book, I wrote my name and my email address. I also draw a simple rat at the corner of the first page. I always do the same thing to all my books because I hope if I loss my book, someone who found it would give it back to me.
The book is written in English. The author of that book is Joseph J Joseph. It is a strange name but cool enough for the name of a novel author.
The total pages of that book are 125 pages which are divided into 6 parts. At the back of the cover is actually the short summary of that book, but I changed it by sticking the picture of a monkey on it. Deskripsi Orang Dalam Bahasa Inggris - Jono
deskripsi orang dalam bahasa inggris - jono
via kapanlagi.com Identification
I have a school friend that most people hate him. His name is Jono. He is the son of the headmaster of my school. That is one of the reason many people at school dislike him.
560 baris But overall, he has a bad attitude. But however, he is kind to me because one day, at the first day of the school, I was helping him repairing his motorcycle even we did not know each other. Description
His physical appearance is not bad. Let say, he is a handsome teenager who can easily get girlfriend. He has a tall and athletic body. He has a pointed nose, white skin, bright eyes, and straight hair.
He always wear cool sweater despite of the uniform. At a glance, he seems like a Korean movie star. Unfortunately, and most people thanks of that, he is so stupid and seems like does not have a brain.
He also has a lot of money and also the most powerful person in school due to the power of his father. Because of that he is so arrogant and frequently disturbs other people in school. He never gets punishment even he does a lot of bad things in school.
That is why people hate him most. Identification
My Junior High school’s building is not too far from my home. I usually go there by riding bicycle. I only need around 5-7 minutes to get there.
Aside from daily routine in school which start from 7 a.m. until 1 p.m., at the afternoon I also go there to play or just to see basketball exercising. Description
My school is not to big like the other school which has football field and auditorium. The main building only has 16 rooms.
Each grade is divided into 8 classes, so that because the school only has 16 rooms, the first grade starts the class at 1 p.m. until 5 p.m.; the morning class is only for second and third grade.
In addition to that, my school has also one basketball court, one lab, one hall which we call pendopo, one mosque, one canteen, teacher’s room, toilets and parking area.
One place that I love most at school is the bench near a small pond. At the break time, I always sit at that bench and see the fish swimming. Contoh Descriptive Text Animal - Komodo
contoh descriptive text animal - komodo
via telegraph.co.uk Identification
Komodo is the biggest lizard in the world. Some people say it is a dragon and the scientists say that komodo is one of the ancient animals which survive until today.
The original home of that dragon is Komodo Island, Indonesia. But, we can see this awesome animal at the zoo. I guest every zoo in this world should has this animal. Description
Komodo is structurally not too different with the other lizard family but because the shape is so big then this animal is also known as the king of lizard. Komodo grows at the maximum length of 3 meters with 70-80 kilograms weight.
Komodo is a venomous lizard that hunts any other animal such as birds, and mammals.
When it bites the other animal, at first the victim would run away and death somewhere. But after that, komodo would find it because it has tongue and sense of smell to detect the carrion.
Even it has only single ear bone and bad sight, but using the tongue and the smell sense it can find the carrion at the radius of 9, 5 km.
Komodo is a dangerous animal which can attack and kill human if there is no other food to eat. Even this lizard prefers hot and dry place such as grassland, savanna and forest to stay, but it also can swim at the sea and eat some carrions at the beach.
I have a little Brazilian turtle. I got it when I was fishing at the river near my home.
Normally, there is no that kind of turtle at that river. I guess the turtle was belonged to somebody before it escaped. That was my lucky day because I found it. Description
Looking at the size of the turtle, the age is around a year. The colour is still yellowish green. Baby Brazilian turtle has green colour and the colour will slowly change along its growth.
That turtle is a kind of water turtle but sometimes it stays at dry place for a while. Thus, this turtle which is known as red-eared slider is a semiaquatic turtle.
A give it the name Kukurara. I keep it at my pond and it seems like happy living there with my fish. Sometimes it is swimming around but sometimes it does not move at all on the stone in the middle of the pond.
I don’t really understand the right way to take care of turtle. As long as it wants to eat, I think it will survive. Contoh Descriptive Text About Place - Prambanan Temple
contoh descriptive text about place - prambanan temple
via timetravelturtle.com Identification
For anyone who likes history, Prambanan temple is the historical tourism place that must be visited.
The location is in Yogyakarta, around 10 minutes from Adisucipto Airport. Spending Rp. 40.000,- we can explore around it all the day we want to enjoy the beauty, take some picture and learn something historical about it. Description
Prambanan temple is the biggest Hindu temple site in Asia. The building was completed in the mid-9th century during the regime of Sanjaya Dynasty. The history explains that Rakai Pikatan is the one who initiated the building of that giant temple.
The original name of Prambanan temple is Shivagrha because the temple was built to dedicate to the God of Shiva.
Equal with Borobudur temple, the Prambanan temple at every main building recognizes the three world hierarchy which spanned from the lower world to the holiest place.
At the first level of the building symbolizes the lowest realm of the world. It is called Bhurloka or the world in which human being are still bound by their desire, lust, sins, and unholy way of life or stupidity.
The middle level is Bhuvarloka, that is the world of enlighten where human learn to see the truth or living in the holy way.
The top level is Svarloka or the highest and the holiest world. This is the place for people who already get the perfection of life. Contoh Descriptive Text Tentang Tempat Wisata - Bromo
contoh descriptive text tentang tempat wisata - bromo
via pinterest.com Identification
Bromo is one of mountains in Java that is known around the world. As one of the special tourism places in Java, Bromo Mountain is not only rich of its natural beauty but also in harmony with the local people around it.
In Bromo, the visitors can enjoy both the beauty of the nature and also the culture in that area because Bromo is not simply a mountain but also an important place for ritual ceremony of Hindu. Description
Located around 2,5 hours from Malang city, Bromo is one of active volcano mountain which is a part of the Bromo Tengger Semeru National park.
640 baris The beauty of Bromo can be seen clearly from the top of Penanjakan Mountain which is close to Bromo and has higher level (2,770 meters). Bromo itself is only 2,392 meters.
Even Bromo is not too high volcano mountain, but the history of the eruption was so dramatic. The sands around it which people called the sea of sands (segara wedi) are the proof that this mountain had ever been killing the life surrounded that area.
The name of Bromo is taken from the name one of the God of Hindu, Brahma.
People of Tengger has a myth about that mountain that makes it has mystical nuance. But it is more than myth as long as people still believe that by creating Kasada festival every year, they express their gratitude to God in a symbolic way by throwing vegetables, cattle, and also money as an offering in the Bromo’s crater. via pinterest.com Identification
I have a very kind friend. His name is Anggit but I usually call him Gedheg, a Javanese term which refers to the person who always shakes his head all the time.
Yes is true, Gedheg often shakes his head because he had it as the symptom of his traumatic experience. Description
Gedheg is now 29 years old. He is a strong person who prefers coffe than breakfast before starting to work. Usually we work together in one project.
He is not a quick learner but once he knows something he will remember it forever. Because of that he can do the same kind of job quickly and the result is perfect.
He likes fishing so much but he is never lucky. In this case, he is not smart at all. He thinks that fishing is a case of luckiness, but he is totally wrong. It needs good technique and strategy to get the fish we want.
The last time we fished together he got a huge branch of some tree and after that he never fish anymore. Contoh Descriptive Text Tentang Artis - Vincent Willem Van Gogh
contoh descriptive text tentang artis - vincent willem van gogh
via pinterest.com Identifikasi
What I mean about artist in this case is different from celebrity which is understood by most Indonesian people as an artist too.
Talking about artist I always remember the name of Vincent Willem Van Gogh who is a very famous painter who never enjoys the glory of his art works which the prices are so fantastic. The art works of Van Gogh became famous after his death. Deskripsi
Van Gogh was a Dutch painter that was classified as a post-impressionist painter. He was born on March 30, 1853 in Zundert, Netherlands and died on 29 July in Auvers-sur-Oise, France.
At his life time, he was stated as a stupid person who tried and failed to learn painting. Not only that, he was totally poor and suffered.
At first, he failed in love and thus made him suffered in life. He failed to be anything like normal people. His failure in love broke his mental and confidence.
Before he became a painter, or let say liked painting, he was a protestant missionary in Southern Belgium.
His duty was in the coal mine and there he saw the truth about suffering and the truth about his own God. Seeing human suffer he also wanted to experience the same in the name of humanity.
Traveling from one place to another, Van Gogh lived in poverty. His life was spent to paint even people said that his art work was a bad art.
He also suffered from psychotic and delusion. At the last time of his life, he was at the mental hospital, Auvers-sur-Oise, France. He was depressed and finally shot himself and died two days after that.
After his death and the popularity of the discourse on madness, especially the knowledge of the psychotic, his painting became popular and categorized as a high art of post-impressionist painting.
Unfortunately, Van Gogh never knew that the prices of his painting are now billions. Identification
I see that mysterious person at every morning walking in front of my home in this last two weeks.
I never see him before. Perhaps he is a new comer in this village. He always walks slowly with his two big Doberman dogs as he seems like having a total control of his dogs. Description
He is big and tall man with a long hair and full body tattoo on his skin. I think anybody will be afraid of him. He always uses single shirt and shorts and also black sports shoes when he is walking around with his dog.
Usually, he is passing in front of my home around 6 in the morning. He always using headset and put his i-phone or something like mp3 players in his pocket shorts. Contoh Descriptive Text Tentang Kucing Persia
contoh descriptive text tentang kucing persia
via pinterest.com Identification
My neighbour has a beautiful Persian cat. He gives a name Momo for that cat.
Everyday, I can see that cat walking through my wall fence. Sometimes it sits for a few times seeing something under the wall before it suddenly run away to catch it. Description
The colour of that cat is all white. It has long hair. If I see it deeply, it has a round face and short muzzle. Its face is actually so scary because its eyes and nose is black. It reminds me about the ghost with black face in white cloth.
My neighbour says that the price of it is so expensive. Every week he has to go to the pet shop to take care of his cat.
That cat eats special foot for cat. My neighbour never gives it any kind of human food for it in which local cat can eat that.
It is a male Persian cat. My neighbour doesn’t have the female one so that that cat is alone at that house. Because of the shape is bigger than local cat, therefore there is no local cat stay close to it even the female one. Contoh Descriptive Text Tentang Ibu
contoh descriptive text tentang ibu
via pinterest.com Identification
My mother is a great and strong woman. She is the only one who has been taking care of me since I was a baby. She never stops to love me and also the whole of the family. Description
My mother is an elementary teacher. She has been working in an elementary school in our village for around 30 years. She will be a pension in the next tree mounts when she will be exactly 58 years old.
Even she is now old enough, but she still has the will to do something to get money. After the end of her duty, she will once again start the business opening a small restaurant like she ever did 6 years ago.
At the past time, she stopped her business because she used to sell the restaurant to pay off the debt after the collapse of my father business.
720 baris As long as I know my mother, she never cries or has angry feeling. She always happy all the time to make the other people around her has the same feeling. She always helped people even she did not know them. Because of that, many people know my mother.
As a teacher, she also loves to teach children at the afternoon in home. Whenever her students have some problems with the lesson, she would ask them to come to home at the afternoon to get lesson for free.
I’m so proud of my mother. I hope someday I can do the same thing like her to be a strong person to help the others. Contoh Descriptive Text Tentang Teman yang Menyebalkan
contoh descriptive text tentang teman yang menyebalkan
via pinterest.com Identification
I have a strange friend. I knew him on one unfortunate event where he was introduced by my other friend to me. At first, he was like a usual person but lately he seems like an annoying person. Description
What makes me feel uncomfortable about him is that he always meets me at the wrong time.
For example at the night he came to my place for sharing something not important. Of course I can say that I want to get sleep or I want to do my work because it seemed that he wanted to ask for help.
What he had talked was about whether God is exists or not or something mystical and I don’t have any interest about it.
At first time he did that thing, I still could give a good response as the way to appreciate my friend. But he did the same at the next time again and again.
It was too worst when he came to my place while I still have an important conversation with another people and he suddenly interrupted my conversation with some stupid theme or question like “why does Plato think about human?” Oh my God, I really don’t understand about this man.
Finally I decided to stay away from him. I start to refuse his coming, I never answer his stupid question, and I warn my other friend to think twice before starting to close to him.
Lately I know that everybody dislike him for the same reason. I know that he was a lonely person and need a friend to talk. But, what can I do, he never learn even I had criticized him about his uncomfortable attitude. Contoh Descriptive Text Tentang Idola - Johnny Depp
contoh descriptive text tentang idola - johnny depp
via twitter.com Identification
Talking about idol, I have an idol too. He is John Christopher Depp II or Johnny Depp. He is an actor, musician and also a producer.
What makes me amaze with him is his action in the movie Pirates of the Caribbean. After seeing that movie, I also search for his another movie. From watching his action in different movies, I can see that he is a great actor. Description
Depp was born on June 9, 1963 in Owensboro, Kentucky, U.S. He is now 54 years old. He started his career on movie in 1984.
His first movie is A nightmare on Elm Street and his last movie is Untitled Fantastic Beast Sequel that would be released in 2018.
A long his life, he had been an actor in 48 movies. It means that he had been playing more than
760 baris 40 characters during his life. Thus, seeing his achievement, he is proper to be the winner of the Golden Globe Award and Screen Actors Guild Award for the best actor.
Before he became a famous actor, Depp was a musician. The first genre he played was rock music. He is good in playing guitar and writing songs.
A long his life, he wrote so many songs for bands, solo vocalist or for movie such as Sweeney Todd. Identification
I have a funny doll. It is a doll that is made by my wife. We call it Bunny.
After we have a baby, we give that doll to our son. He likes it so much. My baby plays with that doll every time he wakes up from sleep. He always makes unidentified conversation with that doll. Description
The doll is design as a rabbit with human body. The colour is white and the head is brown. It has long hands and feet. The ears are long too. When it is shaken, the hands and the feet can move in funny ways.
The doll is 70 cm long from head to foot. The body is in a shape of triangle. Therefore it seems like a lady Bunny with wide hip.
One day my baby held Bunny’s hand and swung it too hard for several times. The result is that the Bunny’s hand was broken and separated from the body. That doll was looked terrible. My baby was afraid of it and did not want to play with it anymore until my wife fixed it again. Contoh Descriptive Text Tentang Teman Sebangku - Mijat
contoh descriptive text tentang teman sebangku - mijat
via pinterest.com Identification
At Senior High School, I have a seatmate name Mijat. His complete name is Mijatmiko but I just call him Mijat.
He is more than a seatmate but a brother. We always help each other, hangout together, make a trouble together. What we never do is studying together as we are bad boys who hate studying. Description
Mijat is a year older than me. He is also taller and bigger than me. His hair is curly that is cut in a short model. His head is looked big with oval face. He is Javanese but his eyes are like Chinese and he also has white skin.
Mijat is a calm person that rarely to be angry except he knows that his friends get beaten by someone or some group of students. He is a brave man that prefers to fight rather than forgive if he is in trouble.
It is true, outside the school he is the member of a gangster. But nobody in school knows about it because he is known by people as a friendly person to anybody, funny, and also helpful.
He only afraid of 3 things in his life as long as i know him, those are his parents, ghost, and the last is approaching a girl.
He is very nervous when he falls in love and wants to meet the girl he loves. In fact, he is handsome enough and some girls in school want to be his girlfriend.
I know it because most of them always ask me something about him. I had told him about it but he is always nervous when he hears about it. Because of that, during in school, he never has a girlfriend. Contoh Descriptive Text Tentang Benda Kesayangan - Joran
contoh descriptive text tentang benda kesayangan - joran
800 baris The thing of mine that I love most is my fishing rod. I have 5 fishing rods and only one is my favourite. That fishing rod is a gift from my brother after he back from Japan.
I don’t know why but when I use that Japanese fishing rod I always get a lot of fish. I think that fishing rod is a carrier of luck. My brother said that before it is mine, the fishing road belongs to an old Japanese fisherman. Description
It is 4.5 metres long of carbon fishing rod that is originally made in Japan. The colour is brown and black. The handle is easy to grip and even it is a long fishing rod but it is not heavy like my other fishing rod. The weight is no more than 0.2 kg. It is very well to be used to fish at a wide river or lake.
Some people always ask me about where did i buy that fishing rod and I said that it is given and originally from Japan.
Often they try to buy my fishing rod with high price but I never accept it. I will never sell my fishing rod because I always lucky to fish using it. Borobudur Temple
Borobudur temple is one of the most beautiful tourist resorts in Indonesia. It is situated in central Java. Borobudur temple is one of the seven wonders of the world which needs to be preserved its circumstances. The people all over the world know that Borobudur is one of the greatest art works that ever known since long time ago. Borobudur temple was built by Syailendra Dynasty during the eighth century. It needed more than two million river stones. It is the biggest temple in the world. After going into some restorations, Borobudur is visited by more and more tourists, both domestic and foreign tourists. Most of them admire Borobudur temple because of its beauty, its elegance and the story of the relief on its walls. Domestic tourists usually go there by bus or private cars, while foreign tourists like to join travel bureau because they don’t need to think of the transportation, accommodation, and itinerary. There are some money changers around the location. It makes them easier to change their money. But some of them like to bring credit cards and checks. The Eiffel Tower
The Eiffel Tower is an iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris. Built in 1889, it has become both a global icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world. The tower is the tallest building in Paris and the most-visited paid monument in the world; millions of people ascend it every year. Named for its designer, engineer Gustave Eiffel, the tower was built as the entrance arch to the 1889 World's Fair.The tower stands 324 metres (1,063 ft) tall, about the same height as an 81-story building. Upon its completion, it surpassed the Washington Monument to assume the title of tallest man-made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years, until the Chrysler Building in New York City was built in 1930; however, due to the addition in 1957 of the antenna, the tower is now taller than the Chrysler Building. Not including broadcast antennas, it is the second-tallest structure in France after the 2004 Millau Viaduct. The tower has three levels for visitors. Tickets can be purchased to ascend, by stairs or lift, to the first and second levels. The walk to the first level is over 300 steps, as is the walk from the first to the second level. The third and highest level is accessible only by elevator. Both the first and second levels feature restaurants.
840 baris The tower has become the most prominent symbol of both Paris and France, often in the establishing shot of films set in the city. Monas National Monument
The National Monument, or "Monas" as it is popularly called, is one of the monuments built during the Sukarno era of fierce nationalism. The top of the National Monument (Monas) is Freedom Square. It stands for the people's determination to achieve freedom and the crowning of their efforts in the Proclamation of Independence in August 1945. The 137-meter tall marble obelisk is topped with a flame coated with 35 kg of gold. The base houses a historical museum and a hall for meditations. The monument is open to the public and upon request the lift can carry visitors to the top, which offers a bird's eye view on the city and the sea. Go early to beat the crowds and the haze. It is easy for the less physically able as lifts take visitors to the top. The diorama exhibition in the basement gives such a distorted view of Indonesian history. This imposing obelisk is Jakarta's most famous landmark. Construction started in 1961 under President Soekarno but was not completed until 1975, under President Soeharto. The monument houses a couple of museums. The Freedom Hall depicts Indonesia's struggle for independence through a series of dioramas, whereas the Hall of Contemplation displays the original Declaration of Independence document and a recording of the speech. Way Kambas National Park
Way Kambas National Park is a national park for elephant sanctuary located in Lampung precisely in the Labuhan Ratu sub district, East Lampung, Indonesia. Way Kambas National Park, established in 1985, is the first school for elephant in Indonesia. In the beginning of its establishment, Way Kambas National Park was named the Elephant Training Center / Pusat Latihan Gajah (PLG), but the last few years this name was changed into Elephant Conservation Center / Pusat Konservasi Gajah (PKG), which is expected to become a center for elephant conservation in taming, training, breeding and conserving elephants. Until now, this PKG has trained for about 300 elephants which have been deployed to all over the country. In Way Kambas National Park, there are some endangered animals such as Sumatran Rhinos, Sumatran elephant, Sumatran tiger, Mentok Rimba, and Buaya sepit. There are also so some plants which are mostly found there such as Api-api, Pidada, Nipah, and Pandan. On the marshy coasts of Way Kambas National Park is often found various species of birds, such as, Lesser Adjutant, Pheasant Blue, Kuau Raja, Pependang Timur, and some other birds. .. Pink Beach
Pink Beach or Pantai Merah Muda is one of the beaches in Komodo island, East Nusa Tenggara. The beach is called Pink Beach because the sand beach is pink. The pink color of its beach is a mixture of white sand beach colors mixed with crushed coral, shells, calcium carbonate from marine invertebrates that are very small, and also Foraminifera, microscopic amoeba that has a red body shell. At Pink Beach, there are so many marine organisms. No fewer than 1,000 species of fish, 260 species of coral, and 70 species of sponge can be found here. Having so much marine life, this place is a proper spot for snorkeling and diving for sea sports lovers. I have a stray cat as my pet. He is really playful, He loved to play with me and the new things he found. He has orange and white fur, his fur is so soft and I like to rubs it for him. He has a long
880 baris I have a stray cat as my pet. He is really playful, He loved to play with me and the new things he found. He has orange and white fur, his fur is so soft and I like to rubs it for him. He has a long tail. He likes to play with it. He is also always try to catch his tail sometimes. I also like to hold him in my hand, when i hold him like that he will fall asleep. Eiffel tower is one of the most famous buildings in the world. Every day, there are hundreds of tourists visiting to enjoy all the beauty in every side of it. The tower was built by an engineer named Gustave Eiffel and became an important monument to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the French revolution. The French government opened the tower on March 31, 1889 and since that time, the Eiffel Tower became an icon for the city of Paris and France. Eiffel is also known as La Tour Eiffel or La Dame De Fer which means as iron lady. Known as the iron lady because this is a building that is so graceful and beautiful. Then the building is also strong because of the legs supported by iron. Eiffel reaches 984 feet and when completed, it became the highest monument passed the Washington Monument. Eiffel holded the highest title after 1930 when the Chrysler Building built in New York. However, the Eiffel Tower remained the highest in Paris and until now, there are more than 200 million people have visited it since opened. To enjoy the Eiffel Tower, visitors can climb using the stairs or the elevator. In addition to getting awesome scenery, they can also enjoy the delicious dishes of Paris through romantic restaurants in the tower. You need to know a unique fact, that the tower is considered as an eyesore for the people of France when it freshly made. When Eiffel was built in 1889, the tower was intended as a temporary building and will be demolished 20 years later. However, when it was useful as radio transmitters, it eventually still be allowed to stand. To build it, the French government had to use 18,000 pieces of iron and more than 2 million nails. Although it was very risky, but the development kept to be continued. Today, it has been regarded as one of the most beautiful architectural works in the world. Besides its use as a tourist attraction, the building is also a communication tool for sending signals to radio and television. Carpenter ants get their name because they build their nests in wood. This pest can cause significant damage to your house. There are many types of carpenter ants. measuring in size from one-quarter inch (about the width of a pencil) for a worker carpenter ant to three-quarters of an inch (about the size of a quarter) for a queen carpenter ant. Each colony is established by a single, fertilized queen. She starts her nest in a cavity in wood, where she raises her first brood of workers. She feeds them saliva and does not leave the nest or feed herself during this time. When they are ready, those workers then get the job of gathering food to feed the next generation. Once mature, this first generation of worker ants work to increase the food supply for the colony. The colony population grows very rapidly. A colony can eventually produce 2,000 or more workers. Carpenter ants do not eat the wood they remove during their nest-building activities, but deposit it outside entrances to the colony in small piles. The diet of carpenter ants includes living and dead insects, meat, fats and sugary foods of all kinds, including honeydew
920 baris and nectar from plants. Carpenter ants build nests anywhere they can find water and moldy or damp wood, such as tree stumps, firewood or in the plants around your house. Carpenter ants also build nests inside, usually entering buildings through wet, damaged wood, although it isn’t uncommon for them to adapt to drier environments. Carpenter ants don’t carry disease, but when building a nest inside a home, Carpenter ants dig smooth tunnels inside the wood. These tunnels weaken the wood and potentially damage the wood that keeps the house standing. This kind of damage can be very expensive to fix. Contoh Report Text Tentang Ikan Hiu Putihthe great white shark Few creatures strike more fear in humans than the great white shark. In reality, great white shark attacks on humans are rare – and it is even rarer for one of these attacks to be fatal. However, the size of the great white shark and its efficiency as a predator add to the perpetuation of this unnecessary fear. The great white shark averages 4.5 m (15 ft.) in length, but some have been recorded as large as 6 m (20 ft.) long! They generally weigh up to 2250 kg (5000 lb.). Great white sharks are blue-gray on the dorsal, or top, part of their bodies. This helps them blend in with the bottom of the ocean when viewed from above. The belly, or ventral, part of the body, is white. This makes it difficult to see the sharks from below, with sunlight shining in around them. They have strong, torpedo-shaped bodies and powerful tails that help them swim. Great whites can reach speeds up to 24 km/hr (15 mph). Great whites use their speed and coloring to help them hunt. They search for prey at the surface of the ocean while swimming below. Once they spot a target, they use a burst of speed to bump their prey while simultaneously biting it. They have several rows of teeth that can number into the thousands. As teeth fall out, they are rapidly replaced by those in the row behind them. These sharp, serrated teeth can be devastating. A single, large bite can be fatal. When great white sharks are young, they feed on smaller prey, like fish and rays. As they grow larger, they feed more exclusively on marine mammals, such as sea lions, seals and small whales. The great white is at the top of the food chain and has few threats in the ocean. Only orcas and larger sharks can pose a risk. The only other risk to the great white shark is human interaction. They are sometimes caught by accident in fishing nets or intentionally sought out by sport fisherman. Their jaws and fins are sold for considerable amounts of money. Not much is known about the mating habits of great white sharks. What is known is that after mating the female develops several eggs which hatch in her womb. The newly-hatched shark pups feed on unfertilized eggs in the womb as they develop before being born. In general, the mother gives birth to a litter of two to ten pups, each of which average 1.5 m (5 ft.) in length. Male great whites reach maturity at 9-10 years of age. Females mature even later, between 14 and 16 years of age. Female sharks are thought to give birth once every couple years, but even that is uncertain. Great whites spend their time in temperate waters all over the world, although they have been known to make brief trips into colder water in the north. They live in the upper part of the ocean, towards the surface, and close to the shore, where sunlight shines through and prey is available. Contoh Report Text Tentang Beruang KutubPolar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Polar bearPolar bears, or “sea bears,” are the world’s largest land predators, weighing up to 600 kg (1300 lb.) and measuring up to 3 m (10 ft.) tall. On average they live to be about 25 years old, reaching sexual maturity at around 4 years.
960 baris Although they appear white or yellow in color, their fur is actually clear and hollow, and their skin is black. Their visibly pale coloring is caused by the reflection and scattering of light. Inhabiting the ice and sea of the Arctic, polar bears are well-equipped for survival in a harsh environment. Two coats of fur and a thick layer of blubber help insulate the polar bear’s body from the cold, keeping its temperature at an even 37° C (98.6° F). In addition, polar bears’ paws are especially adapted for walking on the ice and swimming in the sea. Hairs and bumps on the soles of their feet provide traction, while webbing between their toes allows for effective swimming strokes. Polar bears are also equipped with strong noses. They use their powerful sense of smell when hunting for seals, their main source of food. They can smell a seal’s breathing hole, or aglu, up to one mile away. Once located, a polar bear will wait patiently by the hole and attack the seal’s head when it comes up for air. In ideal hunting conditions, the bear will just eat the seal fat, leaving the carcass for other animals. However, when food is scarce, polar bears will eat just about anything. Supplemental foods include walruses, short-legged reindeer, birds, bird eggs, kelp, and beached whales. When in proximity to human settlements, they have even been known to eat garbage such as Styrofoam. Polar bear cubsPolar bears do not hibernate like other bears, but females do enter into a dormant state while pregnant. After mating in the spring, a female polar bear spends the summer ingesting large amounts of food and building a maternity den in a snow drift to prepare for the arrival of her cubs. In the fall, she enters into a dormant state, remaining this way even as she gives birth. The litter, usually two cubs, will spend two years with their mother learning essential hunting and survival skills. Contoh Report Text Tentang ZebraPlains Zebra Black and white stripes make the zebra one of the most recognizable animals in the world. The plains zebra, also known as the common zebra, is the most abundant of three species of zebra, inhabiting the grasslands of eastern and southern Africa. The other two species are Grevy’s zebras and mountain zebras. On average, plains zebras are smaller than the other two species of zebra. They range in height from 1-1.5 m (3.5-5 ft.) and can weigh almost 450 kg (1000 lbs.). Plains zebras also have a different stripe pattern than the other species. They have broad stripes that run horizontally towards the back and vertically towards the front, meeting in a triangle in the middle of their bodies. They also have a stripe that runs down the center of their backs onto the tail. Finally, plains zebras have underbelly stripes. Although all plains zebras share these similarities in stripe patterns, no two zebras have exactly the same pattern. Zebras have very good hearing and eyesight, which helps them stay clear of predators such as lions, hyenas, and cheetahs. It also helps that they can run 56 km/h (35 mph) and pack a powerful kick. If one zebra spots a predator, it lets out a sharp two-syllable call. The young and female zebras run, while the males trail behind to defend them. If one is attacked, others circle around to help protect it from predators. Plains zebras are herbivores, meaning they eat plants. They spend the majority of their day eating, mostly grazing on grass, but also eating leaves and stems. To keep up with the frequent grinding of these foods, zebras’ back teeth continue to grow throughout their lives. Zebras are known to travel great distances to find food and water when the dry season arrives. When not eating or traveling, zebras do take the opportunity to sleep. In fact, they sleep standing up! But zebras only sleep when they are in large
1000 baris lunasss groups so that they can be alerted of danger. A typical plains zebra family consists of a male, called a stallion, several females, called mares, and their children. When a female becomes pregnant, it takes 13 months to have the baby, called a foal. These family groups are called harems. The harems will often join with other families to form large herds. Zebras can live up to 25 years in the wild. Contoh Report Text Tentang Kura-Kura HijauGreen Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas) When born, green sea turtles are only 5 cm (2 in) long. But they grow up to 1.5 meters (5 ft) in length and can weigh over 300 kg (700 lbs), making them the largest of the hardshell sea turtles. The dorsal shell of the green turtle, or carapace, is wide, smooth, and brownish-olive in color. The underside of the shell, or plastron, is yellow. Green sea turtles are so named for the greenish hue of their skin. They have heads that cannot retract into their bodies, a trait commonly associated with turtles. Reaching speeds of up to 56 km/h (35 mph), their streamlined shell and paddle-like flippers aid in their ability to swim quickly and with grace. Green sea turtles are able to hold their breath for hours at a time. Because they are cold-blooded, the temperature of the water affects their ability to hold their breath. In colder water they can hold their breath for longer. With features well-adapted to sea life, their agile mobility underwater does not carry over to their travels on the beach. On land they move slowly, laboriously pulling themselves along with their flippers. But in general, green turtles only venture onto land to lay their eggs. Females lay eggs every 2-4 years once they are sexually mature. To reach their nesting grounds, green turtles migrate long distances, traveling back to the beaches where they were born. After mating in the shallow waters near shore, female turtles climb onto the beach and lay their eggs in a pit. They lay 100-200 eggs at a time and leave them alone for 2 months before they hatch. Once the baby turtles hatch, they must crawl to the water and avoid a multitude of predators, including birds and crabs. Green sea turtles make their home in tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide. There are two types of green turtles, the Atlantic green turtle and the Eastern Pacific green turtle. It is debated whether these are subspecies or completely separate species. Each of the populations has its own feeding and breeding grounds. Atlantic green turtles are found throughout the Atlantic Ocean, while Eastern Pacific green turtles are found in the Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, and Mediterranean and Black Seas. Over 80 countries in the world have green turtles nest on their beaches. Green sea turtles feed on crabs, jellyfish, and other creatures as juveniles. As adults they become herbivores, primarily eating sea grasses and algae. Contoh Report Text Tentang Burung Puffin Contoh Report Text Tentang Burung PuffinAtlantic Puffin Atlantic puffin Dubbed “sea parrots” as well as “clowns of the sea,” Atlantic puffins sport large, brightly-colored beaks on their substantially-sized heads. Crisp black and white markings on their plumage, as well as superior diving capabilities, have led people to compare the northern seabirds to penguins. However, Atlantic puffins are actually not related to penguins at all. They are in fact small seabirds (about 25 cm, or 10 in., long) that belong to the Alcidae (auk) family. For most of the year, Atlantic puffins live on the open ocean, with a range spanning from the eastern coast of Canada and the northern United States to the western coast of Europe and northern Russia. 60% of the world’s puffins live near Iceland. Puffins are specially adapted to living on the open sea. Waterproof feathers allow them stay warm as they float
Atlantic puffins are also excellent fliers. Flapping their wings at up to 400 beats per minute, puffins can reach speeds of 88 km/h (55mph). April to mid-August is breeding season for puffins. When a puffin is around 3-5 years old, it will choose a partner at sea to mate with for life. It is thought that the birds’ colorful bills and feet, which fade in the winter and brighten in the spring, help puffins assess potential mates. Once on land, the pairs of puffins reunite within the colony. Some pairs exhibit a special behavior known as “billing” where the two birds rub their beaks together. This often draws an excited crowd of other puffins to watch. Puffins create burrows, about 90 cm (3 ft.), in rocky cliffs either in the soil or between rocks. Often, couples will return to the same burrow year after year. At the back of the burrow, they build a nest lined with grasses, seaweed, and feathers. After the female lays a single egg, both parents take turn incubating the egg for about 40 days. Once the chick hatches, the mother and father will take turns bringing it fish to eat several times a day. Atlantic puffins have the ability to carry several fish in their beaks at one time. They push the fish to the back of their mouth with their tongue, where ridges at the top of their bill secure the fish in place. This allows puffins to keep their mouth open to catch more fish without losing any in the process. In general, they can hold around 10 fish in their beak at once. The chick stays in the burrow until it is able to fly. The young puffin uses a toilet area towards the front of the burrow away from the nest to stay clean. It cannot risk getting its feathers soiled and ruining the waterproof protection they provide. After 45 days, the chick leaves the burrow and spends 3-5 years at sea learning about feeding places and choosing a mate. In the wild, puffins can live around 20 years. Their main predator is the great black-backed gull, which can capture a puffin mid-flight or swoop in on a puffin on the ground. Herring gulls are also a threat because they steal puffins’ fish (sometimes right from their mouths), and they pull puffin chicks or eggs from their nests.
True Friends Once upon a time, there were two close friends who were walking through the forest together. They knew that anything dangerous can happen any time in the forest. So they promised each other that they would always be together in any case of danger. Suddenly, they saw a large bear getting closer toward them. One of them climbed a nearby tree at once. But unfortunately the other one did not know how to climb up the tree. So being led by his common sense, he lay down on the ground breathless and pretended to be a dead man. The bear came near the one who was lying on the ground. It smelt in his ears, and slowly left the place because the bears do not want to touch the dead creatures. After that, the friend on the tree came down and asked his friend that was on the ground, "Friend, what did the bear whisper into your ears?" The other friend replied, "Just now the bear advised me not to believe a false friend." Moral of the Story- A true friend in need is a friend indeed.
Once there was a carpenter called Geppetto. He made a wooden puppet and called him Pinocchio. “How nice it would be if it were a real baby!” sighed when he finished painting it. That night, a good fairy heard him and made his wish to become real. “Awake, wood inanimate, now you’ve got a soul!” she made her magic spell touching Pinocchio with her magic wand. “Pinocchio , be always a good , brave and a selfless boy , ” said the Fairy , ” and one day you’ll be a real boy ! ” Then, she addressed to Jiminy Cricket: “I appoint you to guide Pinocchio, ” she added, before disappearing in a thousand flashes of light.
Imagine the delight of Geppetto when he discovered that his little man of wood could move and talk! The next morning he sent him to school like a real boy. “Goodbye, son, come back soon!” Pinocchio was a little naughty so he disobeying her father went to the terrible Eater, a puppeteer who promised to make him famous. He enjoyed a lot of singing and dancing with the other puppets. But, when the show was over, Eater shut him in a cage. Suddenly, there appeared the Blue Fairy: “Why did not you go to school?” she asked. Pinocchio answered with a lie and his nose began to grow … Only when he told the truth, the Fairy freed him and his nose was back to normal. On the way home, Pinocchio saw a coach load of kids cheering. The coachman told him that he was directed to Toyland, where the kids could do whatever they wanted.
“Pinocchio, come back!” Jiminy Cricket ran after him. But the puppet would not listen to him. There Pinocchio met a new boy Candlewick. He soon discovered that in Toyland the lazy and rude kids were turned into donkeys. Pinocchio ran desperately, followed by his faithful friend. Jiminy Cricket Together, then returned to the house of Geppetto , but they found none. “Who knows what l happened to him!” At that moment, a dove brought them a message: while Geppetto was looking for Pinocchio everywhere, he was swallowed by a whale and now he was his prisoner. “I want to save him!” decided the puppet.
Arriving at the sea, he dived an dived till he found his father in the belly of the whale. But how to get out of there? So he lit a fire and the smoke made the whale sneeze so strong that, she opened its mouth. Pinocchio and Geppetto escaped on a raft. The puppet helped his father to swim in the middle of the waves: and they finally reached the shore! But as soon as they arrived Pinocchio, for the great effort fainted. Grief-stricken, Geppetto took him home. The Blue Fairy, awoke him and, as promised, rewarded his courage and his goodness, by transforming Pinocchio into a real boy
A narrative is a meaningful sequence of events told in words. It is sequential in that the events are ordered, not merely random. Sequence always involves an arrangement in time (and usually other arrangements as well). A straightforward movement from the first event to the last constitutes the simplest chronology. However, chronology is sometimes complicated by presenting the events in another order: for example, a story may open with the final episode and then flash back to all that preceded it.
A narrative has meaning in that it conveys an evaluation of some kind. The writer reacts to the story he or she tells, and states or implies that reaction. This is the "meaning," sometimes called the "theme," of a story. Meaning must always be rendered. The writer has to do more than tell us the truth he sees in the story; he must manifest that truth in the characters and the action.
Characters and action are the essential elements of any story. Also important, but not as essential, is the setting, the place where the action occurs. Characters are usually people—sometimes actual people, as in history books or newspaper stories, sometimes imaginary ones, as in novels. Occasionally characters are animals (as in an Aesop fable), and sometimes a dominant feature of the environment functions almost like a character (the sea, an old house).
The action is what the characters say and do and anything that happens to them, even if it arises from a nonhuman source—a storm, for instance, or a fire. Action is often presented in the form of a plot. Action is, so to speak, the raw material; plot, the finished product, the fitting together of the bits and pieces of action into a coherent pattern. Usually, though not invariably, plot takes the form of a cause-and effect chain: event A produces event B; B leads to C; C to D; and so on until the final episode, X. In a well-constructed plot of this kind we can work back from X to A and see the connections that made the end of the story likely and perhaps inevitable.
Stories can be very long and complicated, with many characters, elaborate plots, and subtle interpenetration of character, action, and setting. In writing that is primarily expository, however, narratives are shorter and simpler. Most often they are factual rather than imaginary, as when an historian describes an event. And often in exposition an illustration may involve a simple narrative. Being able to tell a story, then, while not the primary concern of the expository writer, is a skill which he or she will now and again be called upon to use.
The author's account of his country, and their manners and customs--Administration of justice--Embrenche--Marriage ceremony, and public entertainments--Mode of living--Dress--Manufactures Buildings--Commerce--Agriculture--War and religion--Superstition of the natives--Funeral ceremonies of the priests or magicians--Curious mode of discovering poison--Some hints concerning the origin of the author's countrymen, with the opinions of different writers on that
I believe it is difficult for those who publish their own memoirs to escape the imputation of vanity; nor is this the only disadvantage under which they labour: it is also their misfortune, that what is uncommon is rarely, if ever, believed, and what is obvious we are apt to turn from with disgust, and to charge the writer with impertinence. People generally think those memoirs only worthy to be read or remembered which abound in great or striking events, those, in short, which in a high degree excite either admiration or pity: all others they consign to contempt and oblivion. It is therefore, I confess, not a little hazardous in a private and obscure individual, and a stranger too, thus to solicit the indulgent attention of the public; especially when I own I offer here the history of neither a saint, a hero, nor a tyrant. I believe there are few events in my life, which have not happened to many: it is true the incidents of it are numerous; and, did I consider myself an European, I might say my sufferings were great: but when I compare my lot with that of most of my countrymen, I regard myself as a _particular favourite of Heaven_, and acknowledge the mercies of Providence in every occurrence of my life. If then the following narrative does not appear sufficiently interesting to engage general attention, let my motive be some excuse for its publication. I am not so foolishly vain as to expect from it either immortality or literary reputation. If it affords any satisfaction to my numerous friends, at whose request it has been written, or in the smallest degree promotes the interests of humanity, the ends for which it was undertaken will be fully attained, and every wish of my heart gratified. Let it therefore be remembered, that, in wishing to avoid censure, I do not aspire to praise.
That part of Africa, known by the name of Guinea, to which the trade for slaves is carried on, extends along the coast above 3400 miles, from the Senegal to Angola, and includes a variety of kingdoms. Of these the most considerable is the kingdom of Benen, both as to extent and wealth, the richness and cultivation of the soil, the power of its king, and the number and warlike disposition of the inhabitants. It is situated nearly under the line, and extends along the coast about 170 miles, but runs back into the interior part of Africa to a distance hitherto I believe unexplored by any traveller; and seems only terminated at length by the empire of Abyssinia, near 1500 miles from its beginning. This kingdom is divided into many provinces or districts: in one of the most remote and fertile of which, called Eboe, I was born, in the year 1745, in a charming fruitful vale, named
Essaka. The distance of this province from the capital of Benin and the sea coast must be very considerable; for I had never heard of white men or Europeans, nor of the sea: and our subjection to the king of Benin was little more than nominal; for every transaction of the government, as far as my slender observation extended, was conducted by the chiefs or elders of the place. The manners and government of a people who have little commerce with other countries are generally very simple; and the history of what passes in one family or village may serve as a specimen of a nation. My father was one of those elders or chiefs I have spoken of, and was styled Embrenche; a term, as I remember, importing the highest distinction, and signifying in our language a _mark_ of grandeur. This mark is conferred on the person entitled to it, by cutting the skin across at the top of the forehead, and drawing it down to the eye-brows; and while it is in this situation applying a warm hand, and rubbing it until it shrinks up into a thick _weal_ across the lower part of the forehead. Most of the judges and senators were thus marked; my father had long born it: I had seen it conferred on one of my brothers, and I was also _destined_ to receive it by my parents. Those Embrence, or chief men, decided disputes and punished crimes; for which purpose they always assembled together. The proceedings were generally short; and in most cases the law of retaliation prevailed. I remember a man was brought before my father, and the other judges, for kidnapping a boy; and, although he was the son of a chief or senator, he was condemned to make recompense by a man or woman slave. Adultery, however, was sometimes punished with slavery or death; a punishment which I believe is inflicted on it throughout most of the nations of Africa[A]: so sacred among them is the honour of the marriage bed, and so jealous are they of the fidelity of their wives. Of this I recollect an instance:--a woman was convicted before the judges of adultery, and delivered over, as the custom was, to her husband to be punished. Accordingly he determined to put her to death: but it being found, just before her execution, that she had an infant at her breast; and no woman being prevailed on to perform the part of a nurse, she was spared on account of the child. The men, however, do not preserve the same constancy to their wives, which they expect from them; for they indulge in a plurality, though seldom in more than two. Their mode of marriage is thus:--both parties are usually betrothed when young by their parents, (though I have known the males to betroth themselves). On this occasion a feast is prepared, and the bride and bridegroom 120 baris
stand up in the midst of all their friends, who are assembled for the purpose, while he declares she is thenceforth to be looked upon as his wife, and that no other person is to pay any addresses to her. This is also immediately proclaimed in the vicinity, on which the bride retires from the assembly. Some time after she is brought home to her husband, and then another feast is made, to which the relations of both parties are invited: her parents then deliver her to the bridegroom, accompanied with a number of blessings, and at the same time they tie round her waist a cotton string of the thickness of a goose-quill, which none but married women are permitted to wear: she is now considered as completely his wife; and at this time the dowry is given to the new married pair, which generally consists of portions of land, slaves, and cattle, household goods, and implements of husbandry. These are offered by the friends of both parties; besides which the parents of the bridegroom present gifts to those of the bride, whose property she is looked upon before marriage; but after it she is esteemed the sole property of her husband. The ceremony being now ended the festival begins, which is celebrated with bonefires, and loud acclamations of joy, accompanied with music and dancing.
We are almost a nation of dancers, musicians, and poets. Thus every great event, such as a triumphant return from battle, or other cause of public rejoicing is celebrated in public dances, which are accompanied with songs and music suited to the occasion. The assembly is separated into four divisions, which dance either apart or in succession, and each with a character peculiar to itself. The first division contains the married men, who in their dances frequently exhibit feats of arms, and the representation of a battle. To these succeed the married women, who dance in the second division. The young men occupy the third; and the maidens the fourth. Each represents some interesting scene of real life, such as a great achievement, domestic employment, a pathetic story, or some rural sport; and as the subject is generally founded on some recent event, it is therefore ever new. This gives our dances a spirit and variety which I have scarcely seen elsewhere[B]. We have many musical instruments, particularly drums of different kinds, a piece of music which resembles a guitar, and another much like a stickado. These last are chiefly used by betrothed virgins, who play on them on all grand festivals.
As our manners are simple, our luxuries are few. The dress of both sexes is nearly the same. It generally consists of a long piece of callico, or muslin, wrapped loosely round the body, somewhat in the 160 baris
form of a highland plaid. This is usually dyed blue, which is our favourite colour. It is extracted from a berry, and is brighter and richer than any I have seen in Europe. Besides this, our women of distinction wear golden ornaments; which they dispose with some profusion on their arms and legs. When our women are not employed with the men in tillage, their usual occupation is spinning and weaving cotton, which they afterwards dye, and make it into garments. They also manufacture earthen vessels, of which we have many kinds. Among the rest tobacco pipes, made after the same fashion, and used in the same manner, as those in Turkey[C].
Our manner of living is entirely plain; for as yet the natives are unacquainted with those refinements in cookery which debauch the taste: bullocks, goats, and poultry, supply the greatest part of their food. These constitute likewise the principal wealth of the country, and the chief articles of its commerce. The flesh is usually stewed in a pan; to make it savoury we sometimes use also pepper, and other spices, and we have salt made of wood ashes. Our vegetables are mostly plantains, eadas, yams, beans, and Indian corn. The head of the family usually eats alone; his wives and slaves have also their separate tables. Before we taste food we always wash our hands: indeed our cleanliness on all occasions is extreme; but on this it is an indispensable ceremony. After washing, libation is made, by pouring out a small portion of the food, in a certain place, for the spirits of departed relations, which the natives suppose to preside over their conduct, and guard them from evil. They are totally unacquainted with strong or spirituous liquours; and their principal beverage is palm wine. This is gotten from a tree of that name by tapping it at the top, and fastening a large gourd to it; and sometimes one tree will yield three or four gallons in a night. When just drawn it is of a most delicious sweetness; but in a few days it acquires a tartish and more spirituous flavour: though I never saw any one intoxicated by it. The same tree also produces nuts and oil. Our principal luxury is in perfumes; one sort of these is an odoriferous wood of delicious fragrance: the other a kind of earth; a small portion of which thrown into the fire diffuses a most powerful odour[D]. We beat this wood into powder, and mix it with palm oil; with which both men and women perfume themselves.
In our buildings we study convenience rather than ornament. Each master of a family has a large square piece of ground, surrounded with a moat or fence, or enclosed with a wall made of red earth tempered;
which, when dry, is as hard as brick. Within this are his houses to accommodate his family and slaves; which, if numerous, frequently present the appearance of a village. In the middle stands the principal building, appropriated to the sole use of the master, and consisting of two apartments; in one of which he sits in the day with his family, the other is left apart for the reception of his friends. He has besides these a distinct apartment in which he sleeps, together with his male children. On each side are the apartments of his wives, who have also their separate day and night houses. The habitations of the slaves and their families are distributed throughout the rest of the enclosure. These houses never exceed one story in height: they are always built of wood, or stakes driven into the ground, crossed with wattles, and neatly plastered within, and without. The roof is thatched with reeds. Our day-houses are left open at the sides; but those in which we sleep are always covered, and plastered in the inside, with a composition mixed with cow-dung, to keep off the different insects, which annoy us during the night. The walls and floors also of these are generally covered with mats. Our beds consist of a platform, raised three or four feet from the ground, on which are laid skins, and different parts of a spungy tree called plaintain. Our covering is calico or muslin, the same as our dress. The usual seats are a few logs of wood; but we have benches, which are generally perfumed, to accommodate strangers: these compose the greater part of our household furniture. Houses so constructed and furnished require but little skill to erect them. Every man is a sufficient architect for the purpose. The whole neighbourhood afford their unanimous assistance in building them and in return receive, and expect no other recompense than a feast.
As we live in a country where nature is prodigal of her favours, our wants are few and easily supplied; of course we have few manufactures. They consist for the most part of calicoes, earthern ware, ornaments, and instruments of war and husbandry. But these make no part of our commerce, the principal articles of which, as I have observed, are provisions. In such a state money is of little use; however we have some small pieces of coin, if I may call them such. They are made something like an anchor; but I do not remember either their value or denomination. We have also markets, at which I have been frequently with my mother. These are sometimes visited by stout mahogany-coloured men from the south west of us: we call them Oye-Eboe, which term signifies red men living at a distance. They generally bring us fire-arms, gunpowder, hats, beads, and dried fish. The last we esteemed a great rarity, as our waters were only brooks and springs. These articles they barter with us for odoriferous woods and earth, and our salt of wood ashes. They always carry slaves through our land; but the strictest account is exacted of their manner of procuring them before they are suffered to pass. Sometimes indeed we sold slaves to them, but they were only prisoners of war, or such among us as had been convicted of kidnapping, or adultery, and some other crimes, which we esteemed heinous. This practice of kidnapping induces me to
Cara Obati Penyakit Ayam Ngorok Dengan 5 Bahan Tradisional Ini, Sembuhkan penyakit Ayam Ngorok tidaklah begitu sulit dan merupakan sesuatu yang sudah biasa terdengar dalam kalangan Pecinta Ayam
31 Panda bear is a standout amongst the most jeopardized creatures and on the edge of eradication. Anyway, a group of researchers has been framed around the backwoods in China to help spare the panda bear populace. This report will let you know about the panda bear and why they are imperiled.
BalasHapusPandas live in territories with a ton of different creatures yet have couple of foes. They lived in Southeast China. They live in the cool backwoods on the inclines of the dim mountains. There are a considerable measure of bamboo trees to eat.
Pandas invest energy to eat for around 10 to 12 hours a day, around 40-80 kg. Panda nourishment comprises of 99% bamboo yet infrequently they eat different plants or meat furthermore nectar. Honey bee stings would not hurt Panda on the grounds that they have a tough skin. Pandas eat in a sitting position. Panda does not rest like other bear sorts.
Pandas just have one foe. Their foes are wild puppies. At the point when the wild canines assaulted them. Panda will climb trees to evade battles.
Panda generation rate is truly low. Female pandas don’t breed until 5 to 7 years. Female pandas can just have up to 3 children at one time. The infant panda are as little as child cat. Children normally leave their mom following 18 months.
Panda is imperiled in view of a few issues. First and foremost, the reproducing season just happens in the middle of March and May. Second, the panda living space is not sufficiently enormous. The latter is poaching. Some of the time the pandas stuck in the trap which is made for different creatures
Presently you know the data about panda and why it is imperiled. The pandas ought to be helped and spared or these excellent creature will be terminatedLion lives in prairie, bushes, and open forests of Saharan, Africa. Lion is the second biggest feline on the planet. Its size is marginally littler than tiger. Be that as it may, they are nearly related and have fundamentally the same body. Lion is unique in relation to other enormous felines. They are extremely amiable creatures. They live in gatherings. There are around 30 lions in a gathering comprising of three guys, twelve females, and whatever remains of their kids. The quantity of gathering individuals is dictated by the accessibility of nourishment and water.
They thunder one another to track their spot. Male and female lions have a capable thunder that can be heard up to 8 km. Male and female lion have an altogether different part in the gathering. Male lions invest their energy to keep their domain and their youngsters. They keep up their limits. While female lions or lioness is the primary seeker bunch. They are littler and more spry than male lions. Anyway, they cooperate in getting their prey.
They generally chase around evening time. Their prey are gazelle, bison, zebra, rhinos, hippos, wild pig, crocodile, youthful elephants, and giraffe. At the same time, in some cases they likewise eat the littler prey, for example, rodents, flying creatures, rabbits, reptiles, and turtles.
In the wake of getting their prey, all the lions in the gathering impart their prey. However, there is a pecking request. The male lions take the first claim, trailed by lionesses, and the latter is their kids.
60
BalasHapusAlthough the dolphins have 100 teeth, they don’t use their teeth to eat. They use it to get fish then they swallow the fish. They can consume fish up to 15 kg per day. They always gather in a group to hunt fish.Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong, flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey. Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche. Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals. They can see in near darkness. Like most other mammals, cats have poorer color vision and a better sense of smell than humans. Cats, despite being solitary hunters, are a social species and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting), as well as cat pheromones and types of cat-specific body language.
Cats have a high breeding rate. Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy. Failure to control the breeding of pet cats by neutering and the abandonment of former household pets has resulted in large numbers of feral cats worldwide, requiring population control. This has contributed, along with habitat destruction and other factors, to the extinction of many bird species.
Cats have been known to extirpate a bird species within specific regions and may have contributed to the extinction of isolated island populations. Cats are thought to be primarily, though not solely, responsible for the extinction of 33 species of birds, and the presence of feral and free ranging cats makes some locations unsuitable for attempted species reintroduction in otherwise suitable locations.
catSnakes are elongated, legless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes that can be distinguished from legless lizards by their lack of eyelids and external ears. Like all squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping scales. Many species of snakes have skulls with several more joints than their lizard ancestors, enabling them to swallow prey much larger than their heads with their highly mobile jaws. To accommodate their narrow bodies, snakes’ paired organs (such as kidneys) appear one in front of the other instead of side by side, and most have only one functional lung. Some species retain a pelvic girdle with a pair of vestigial claws on either side of the cloaca.
Living snakes are found on every continent except Antarctica, and on most smaller land masses; exceptions include some large islands, such as Ireland and New Zealand, and many small islands of the Atlantic and central Pacific. Additionally, sea snakes are widespread throughout the Indian and Pacific Oceans. More than 20 families are currently recognized, comprising about 500 genera and about 3,400 species. They range in size from the tiny, 10 cm-long thread snake to the reticulated python of up to 6.95 meters (22.8 ft) in length. The fossil species Titanoboa cerrejonensis was 13 meters (43 ft) long. Snakes are thought to have evolved from either burrowing or aquatic lizards, perhaps during the Jurassic period, with the earliest known fossils dating to between 143 and 167 Ma ago.The diversity of modern snakes appeared during the Paleocene period (c 66 to 56 Ma ago). The oldest preserved descriptions of snakes can be found in the Brooklyn Papyrus.
85 The donkey or ass (Equus africanus asinus), is a domesticated member of the horse family, Equidae. The wild ancestor of the donkey is the African wild ass, E. africanus. The donkey has been used as a working animal for at least 5000 years. There are more than 40 million donkeys in the world, mostly in underdeveloped countries, where they are used principally as draught or pack animals. Working donkeys are often associated with those living at or below subsistence levels. Small numbers of donkeys are kept for breeding or as pets in developed countries.
BalasHapusA male donkey or ass is called a jack, a female a jenny or jennet; a young donkey is a foal. Jack donkeys are often used to mate with female horses to produce mules — the biological “reciprocal” of a mule, from a stallion and jenny as its parents instead, is called a hinny.
Asses were first domesticated around 3000 BC, probably in Egypt or Mesopotamia, and have spread around the world. They continue to fill important roles in many places today. While domesticated species are increasing in numbers, the African wild ass and another relative, the onager, are endangered. As beasts of burden and companions, asses and donkeys have worked together with humans for millennia.
DonkeyThe tiger (Panthera tigris) is the largest cat species, reaching a total body length of up to 3.38 m (11.1 ft) over curves and exceptionally weighing up to 388.7 kg (857 lb) in the wild. Its most recognisable feature is a pattern of dark vertical stripes on reddish-orange fur with a lighter underside. The species is classified in the genus Panthera with the lion, leopard, jaguar and snow leopard. Tigers are apex predators, primarily preying on ungulates such as deer and bovids. They are territorial and generally solitary but social animals, often requiring large contiguous areas of habitat that support their prey requirements. This, coupled with the fact that they are indigenous to some of the more densely populated places on Earth, has caused significant conflicts with humans.
Tigers once ranged widely across Asia, from Turkey in the west to the eastern coast of Russia. Over the past 100 years, they have lost 93% of their historic range, and have been extirpated from southwest and central Asia, from the islands of Java and Bali, and from large areas of Southeast and Eastern Asia.
Tiger
119 Elephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea. Two species are traditionally recognised, the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) and the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), although some evidence suggests that African bush elephants and African forest elephants are separate species (L. africana and L. cyclotis respectively). Elephants are scattered throughout sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Elephantidae is the only surviving family of the order Proboscidea; other, now extinct, members of the order include deinotheres, gomphotheres, mammoths, and mastodons. Male African elephants are the largest extant terrestrial animals and can reach a height of 4 m (13 ft) and weigh 7,000 kg (15,000 lb). All elephants have several distinctive features the most notable of which is a long trunk or proboscis, used for many purposes, particularly breathing, lifting water and grasping objects. Their incisors grow into tusks, which can serve as weapons and as tools for moving objects and digging. Elephants’ large ear flaps help to control their body temperature. Their pillar-like legs can carry their great weight. African elephants have larger ears and concave backs while Asian elephants have smaller ears and convex or level backs
BalasHapusElephantEagles are large, powerfully built birds of prey, with a heavy head and beak. Even the smallest eagles, like the booted eagle (Aquila pennata) (which is comparable in size to a common buzzard (Buteo buteo) or red-tailed hawk (B. jamaicensis)), have relatively longer and more evenly broad wings, and more direct, faster flight – despite the reduced size of aerodynamic feathers. Most eagles are larger than any other raptors apart from some vultures. The smallest species of eagle is the South Nicobar serpent eagle (Spilornis klossi), at 450 g (0.99 lb) and 40 cm (16 in). The largest species are discussed below. Like all birds of prey, eagles have very large hooked beaks for ripping flesh from their prey, strong muscular legs, and powerful talons. The beak is typically heavier than that of most other birds of prey. Eagles’ eyes are extremely powerful, having up to 3.6 times human acuity for the martial eagle, which enables them to spot potential prey from a very long distance.This keen eyesight is primarily attributed to their extremely large pupils which ensure minimal diffraction (scattering) of the incoming light. The female of all known species of eagles is larger than the maleThe giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) is an African even-toed ungulate mammal, the tallest living terrestrial animal and the largest ruminant. Its species name refers to its camel-like shape and its leopard-like colouring. Its chief distinguishing characteristics are its extremely long neck and legs, its horn-like ossicones, and its distinctive coat patterns. It is classified under the family Giraffidae, along with its closest extant relative, the okapi. The nine subspecies are distinguished by their coat patterns.
The giraffe’s scattered range extends from Chad in the north to South Africa in the south, and from Niger in the west to Somalia in the east. Giraffes usually inhabit savannahs, grasslands, and open woodlands. Their primary food source is acacia leaves, which they browse at heights most other herbivores cannot reach. Giraffes are preyed on by lions; their calves are also targeted by leopards, spotted hyenas, and African wild dogs. Adult giraffes do not have strong social bonds, though they do gather in loose aggregations if they happen to be moving in the same general direction. Males establish social hierarchies through “necking”, which are combat bouts where the neck is used as a weapon. Dominant males gain mating access to females, which bear the sole responsibility for raising the young.
141 Cats also called the domestic cat or house cat (with its scientific name: Felis silvestris catus or Felis catus) is a type of carnivorous mammal of the family Felidae. The word "cat" generally refers to a "cat" that has been tamed, but can also refer to the "big cats" such as lions and tigers.
BalasHapusCats are considered as "perfect carnivore" with teeth and particular digestive tract. The first premolar and molar teeth form a pair of fangs on each side of the mouth that works effectively as a pair of scissors to tear the meat. Although these features also exist in the Canidae or dog, but these traits are better developed in cats. Unlike other carnivores, cats eat almost non vegetable substance. Bears and dogs sometimes eat berries, roots, or honey as a supplement, while cats only eat meat, usually freshly killed prey. In captivity, cats can not adapt to a vegetarian diet because they can not synthesize all the amino acids they need from plant material; it is in contrast with domesticated dogs, which commonly are fed a mixture of meat and vegetables and sometimes it can adapt to a completely vegetarian meal.
Cats have mingled with human life since at least 6000 BC, from the skeleton of the cat found on the island of Cyprus. The ancient Egyptians of 3500 BC have used cats to keep away the rats or other rodents from the barn where the crops were saved.Currently, the cat is one of the most popular pet in the world. Cats that his lines are recorded officially as a cat breeds or pure breed are Persian, Siamese, Manx, and the sphinx. These kinds of cat are usually bred in official captivity animal. The number of purebred cat is only 1% of all cats in the world; the rest is a cat with mixed ancestry such as wild cats or domestic cats. Cows are cattle which belong to Bovidae famil and Bovinae upafamili. Cows that have been neutered and are typically used to plow the field named Ox. Cows are cared primarily for the benefit of milk and meat as human food.
Cows have a scientific name as Bos Taurus. Cows have a gestation period of over 274 days. Average cow lifespans is 15 years. The male weight is typically around 1,100 kg, while average females’ weight is about 720 kg.
Mobile Phone
A mobile phone (also known as a wireless phone, or cellular telephone) is a very small portable radio telephone.
The mobile phone can be used to communicate over long distances without wires. It works by communicating with a nearby base station (also called a "cell site") which connects it to the main phone network. As the mobile phone moves around, if the mobile phone gets too far away from the cell it is connected to, that cell sends a message to another cell to tell the new cell to take over the call. This is called a "hand off," and the call continues with the new cell the phone is connected to. The hand-off is done so well and carefully that the user will usually never even know that the call was transferred to another cell.
As mobile phones became more popular, they began to cost less money, and more people could afford them. Monthly plans became available for rates as low as US$30 or US$40 a month. Cell phones have become so cheap to own that they have mostly replaced pay phones and phone booths except for urban areas with many people.
171 In one village of North Sumatera, there lived a poor farmer named Toba. One day, he went fishing. Luckily, he got a beautiful goldfish. He carried it home and planned to cook it. When he got home, the fish turned into a beautiful woman.
BalasHapusThe woman told that she was cursed. She asked Toba to keep it as a secret. Toba agreed it only with one condition that the woman would marry him. Then they got married and soon had one child named Samosir. This boy liked to eat much food.
One day, his mother asked Samosir to bring lunch to his father. On the way to the ricefield, he stopped and ate most of the food. After that, he gave the rest of the lunch to his father. Toba was very angry and shouted at Samosir “You, the fish kid, you are so greedy!” Samosir cried and ran toward his mother. He asked his mother why his father called him the fish kid.
The woman was really upset that Toba broke his promise. The woman and his son disappeared. Soon there were springs that caused a vast lake. It’s called Toba Lake. The land in the middle of the lake is called Samosir Island. Once upon a time, there was a powerful prince named Bandung Bondowoso. In a war, Bandung Bondowoso killed Prabu Baka. Then, Bandung Bondowoso fell in love with Prabu Baka’s daughter. Her name was Roro Jonggrang.
Bondowoso wanted to marry this beautiful princess. However, the princess hated him because he had killed her father. Roro Jonggrang was thinking of a way to refuse the marriage proposal. Finally, she decided to marry Bandung Bondowoso if he could build a thousand temples before the dawn.
Being helped by the genies, Bondowoso built the temples very fast. Roro Jonggrang wanted to fail him. She asked all women in the village to hit the rice. The rooster crowed signing that morning was coming. All genies left the project until 999 temples because they tought morning came afterward.
Finally, Bondowoso knew that Roro Jonggrang tricked him. He was very angry so he cursed Roro Jonggrang into a rock statue “Arca”. Roro Jonggrang statue is inside Candi Prambanan to complete the project of a thousand temples. On a hill in the area of Borneo, there lived a poor widow and her daughter. The girl was really beautiful. However, she was very lazy and spoiled. She loved to dress up every day, but never helped her mother.
One day, they went down to the village for shopping. The market was far away from their house. They walked there. The girl got dressed very nice and walked in front of her mother. While the widow walked behind, carried a basket and wore dirty clothes. Nobody knew they were mother and child.
While entering the village, people looked at them. The young men were so fascinated by the girl’s beauty. However, she was in contrast to the woman walking behind her. It made people wonder. Some young men asked her whether the woman was her mother. But the girl arrogantly replied that the widow was her maid. More people asked her along the way to the market. She gave the same answer that the widow was her slave.
Eventually, the mother’s heart hurt to hear the answer. Mother prayed to God to punish her ungodly daughter. Suddenly, the girl stopped and slowly turned to be a stone. The girl cried and apologized to his mother. But it was too late. A pretty girl was turned into a stone and continued to tear; it’s called A Crying Stone.
198 On the land of Parahyangan, there lived a beautiful princess named Dayang Sumbi. Because of her oath, she had to marry a dog named Tumang. Dayang Sumbi and her dog lived happily and blessed with a boy, Sangkuriang. The boy didn’t know that the dog was his father.
BalasHapusOne day, Dayang Sumbi asked Sangkuriang with his dog to hunt a deer. Sangkuriang got nothing. He did not want to disappoint his mother. He decided to kill the dog. Dayang Sumbi thought it was venison. After knowing the truth, Sangkuriang was hit and expelled by his mother.
Sangkuriang grew overseas into a handsome and powerful man. Then, he met Dayang Sumbi and fell in love with her. The day before the wedding, Dayang Sumbi realized that Sangkuriang was her son. Dayang Sumbi wanted to thwart the marriage. She gave a condition to make a dam that covered the entire hill and a boat during one night.
Sangkuriang agreed and worked with the help of many genies. The dam and boat were almost finished. Dayang Sumbi prayed to God. The roosters crowed and all genies left that job. Sangkuriang realized that he had been tricked. He was angry and kicked the boat into the middle of the forest. Then, the boat shaped like a mountain. That is the legend of Tangkuban Parahu. In Daha kingdom there lived a powerful Brahmin named Sidi Mantra. Her son’s name was Manik Angkeran. Manik Angkeran liked to gamble. One day, Manik Angkeran could not pay the debt. He asked help to his father.
Loving his son, Sidi Mantra fasted and prayed to the God. A mysterious voice asked him to meet Naga Besukih at Agung Mount. By ringing a genta, Naga Besukih came and gave gold and diamonds from his scales. Soon, Manik Angkeran finished all gold and diamonds. He asked help to his father again. Sidi Mantra came to Naga Besukih. This time, Manik Angkeran secretly followed his father.
A few days later, Manik Angkeran stole his father’s genta and came to Naga Besukih. Manik Angkeran got gold and diamonds. But he was not satisfied. Manik Angkeran saw a big gem at the end of the dragon’s tail. When Naga Besukih turned toward the cave, Manik Angkeran immediately cut off the dragon’s tail and ran away.
Naga Besukih was furious and licked Manik Angkeran’s footprints. Then he turned into ashes. Sidi Matra was aware of this situation and begged Naga Besukih to revive his son. Naga Besukih agreed if his tail was back. With his magic, Sidi Mantra returned the tail back to normal. Then, Naga Besukih revived Manik Angkeran.
Sidi Mantra knew that he could not live with his son again. With his wand, Sidi Mantra made a line that separated him from his son. There came springs growing into a sea. This is the legend of Bali Strait separating Java from Bali.
243 Malin Kundang
BalasHapus“
“Is that you, Malin? Is that you, my beloved son? I’m your mother, you remember?” asked Malin’s mother.
“Son? She said you are her son? Is it true, Malin? Is this poor, old, stink woman your mother? ” Malin’s wife shocked.
“No.. No, my dear wife. I don’t know this poor woman. I don’t know you poor, old, stink woman!” said Malin.
What Malin said really hurt his mother heart. She cried and wept. She didn’t believe that her own son did terrible thing on her, his mother. With anger, she prayed to the almighty God to reply what her son had done to her.
Suddenly, the wind blew hard and the storm rumbled. Malin and his wife returned to the ship take shelter. The storm got worst and hit Malin’s hip, destroyed it. Everyone inside was died, including Malin’s wife. Malin himself was cursed. His body was turned to stone and allied with the reef. Roro Jonggrang
Once upon a time, there was a prince named Raden Bandung Bondowoso, a son of Prabu Damar Moyo, a king of Pengging kingdom. Raden Bandung Bondowoso was strong and powerful. He was also a fine soldier and commander which always led his army won in every battle. It was why Pengging became powerful and prosperous kingdom.
Not far from Pengging kingdom, there was another kingdom named Keraton Boko. Kearton Boko kingdom was ruled by a king named Prabu Boko and his minister named Patih Gupalo. Both of them were giants who ate men. Even though Prabu Boko was a giant; he had a very beautiful daughter named Roro Jonggrang.
One day, Keraton Boko kingdom wanted to attack the Penggging kingdom. Parbu Boko wanted to expand his kingdom territory to make his kingdom more powerful and prosperous. Prabu Boko and Patih Gupalo together with whole soldiers marched to the Pengging Kingdom. However, Raden Bandung Bondowoso had prepared his army to defend Pengging kingdom. The huge battle between Keraton Boko and Pengging could not be stopped anymore.
Radeng Bandung Bondowoso was fine soldier and commander. Not only strong and powerful, he was also smart in making a strategy to win the battle. Because of Raden Bandung Bondowoso’s strategy, the battle ended quicker than predicted. Keraton Boko’s army was cornered and annihilated. Prabu Boko was also died in the battle. Seeing his army was losing the battle, Patih Gupalo and the remaining soldiers retrieved from the battle and run back to Keraton Boko. However, Raden Bandung Bondowoso knew it. He then decided to hunt them down to the Keraton Boko and caught them.
As he arrived in Keraton Boko, Patih Gupalo told everything to princess Roro Jonggrang, including her father death. He also told her that Raden Bandung Bondowoso would come and destroyed Keraton Boko. Roro Jonggrang was sad but she needed to make an action to save her kingdom. Raden Bandung Bondowoso finally arrived in Keraton Boko not long after Patih Gupalo. When he wanted to destroy Keraton Boko to draw out Patih Gupalo, Roro Jonggrang showed herself in front of Raden Bandung Bondowoso.
“Stop.. Stop it.. Please stop it. It’s enough.” Roro Jonggrang scream.
Raden Bandung Bondowoso stood still. He had just heard the most beautiful voice he had ever heard. He looked at Roro Jonggrang and her beauty chilled his heart. He fell in love with her.
“Please stop. It’s enough. Please don’t destroy this kingdom. You’ve killed my father. Should it be enough? Please, end this war. I promise I will take no revenge.” Cried Roro Jonggrang.
“You are Roro Jonggrang, the daughter of Parbu Boko, aren’t you? So, the rumor is true. Your beauty is beyond compare. I will end this war right at the moment, but you should be my wife.” Proposed Radeng Bandung Bondowoso.
293 promise I will accept your proposal.” Promise Roro Jonggrang.
BalasHapusto lead the kingdom in the future. The king had no idea what to do.
After long thought, the king decided to go to jungle to find a quiet place to mediate. He wanted to pray to Almighty God for getting an offspring. After few days of mediating, King Suwartalaya suddenly heard a voice.
“Stop your meditation, my king. So, you want a child. Will you love him or her if you get one?” The voice said.
“Yes, my lord. I want a child so he or she can be my successor to lead the kingdom. Yes, my lord, I will love my child. I will always, my lord.” The king replied.
“Go home, then.” The voice continued.
The king then went home immediately to meet his queen. He told everything to his queen. And few weeks later, the queen was pregnant. They had never been so happy before. After nine months of pregnancy, the queen delivered a beautiful baby girl which later named as Rukmini Gilang. The king and the king were so happy that finally they had a child. The people of the kingdom were happy too. After waiting for a long time, they finally had a princess. To celebrate the new born princess, the king held a party and invited all the people in the kingdom to join.
Several years had passed, the princess Rukmini Gilang grew to be a very beautiful girl. The king and the queen spoiled the princess so much. They gave everything that the princess wanted. It made the princess had a bad attitude. However, the king, the queen and the people of the kingdom still loved her. They hope one day the princess temperament would change.
In few weeks, Princess Rukmini Gilang would turn to be seventeen years old. As usual, when princess birthday come, people of the kingdom would busy to prepare the party, the big one. They prepared all things, the foods, the entertainments, and the presents. And for this birthday presents, the people of the kingdom collected some beautiful gems. They planned to give those beautiful gems to the best goldsmith in the kingdom to make a very beautiful necklace. They intended to present the necklace as the birthday gift for the princess in her seventeenth with hope that the princess would happily accepted it.
Finally a long-awaited day came. The people of the kingdom gathered in the courtyard to celebrate princess birthday. All things were set, the foods, the entertainments, and of course the necklace. It was a big and beautiful party. People of the kingdom are so happy to see that their beloved princess was now seventeen. Finally, the king and the queen, alongside with the princess came. The people of the kingdom were so fascinating to see the princess that grew even more beautiful than before.
Now is the time for people of the kingdom to present their special gift for the princess. They handed a well-craft wooden box with a very beautiful necklace inside to the king. King Suwartalaya opened the box and pulled out the beautiful necklace that gleam various colors. It was so lovely necklace. Then king Suwartalaya gave it to the princess Rukmini Gilang. Princess Rukmini Gilang only stared on it. It seemed that she was not interested on it. “Come on my daughter, wear this lovely necklace. Do not fail the people of the kingdom who give it to you. They love you so much. They will be happy if you wear this necklace.” The king asked.
“What?? You said this necklace is beautiful? Are you blind? This is the ugliest necklace I have ever seen. I don’t want to wear it.” The princess shouted.
She slammed the necklace to the ground till it shattered. The king, the queen, and the people of the kingdom stood in silent witnessing their beloved princess like that. Tears began to come down from the queen’s eyes. She was so sad to see her daughter’s behavior. The king and the people of the kingdom were also sad. They cried until their tears flooded the palace. Suddenly, a big water came from the ground where the shattered necklace lied. The water flooded the palace as well as the kingdom until it sank and created a lake.
313 Once upon a time, there was an old widow who lived in a small house on the top of a hill with her beautiful daughter. The old widow is so poor that she must work hard every day. She collected dry woods in the jungle and sold them in the market once a week. She wanted to make her daughter happy so she worked harder and harder every single day.
BalasHapusThe girl, the old widow’s daughter, was surely beautiful. Every man could easily fall in love if they saw her face. Unfortunately she had a very bad attitude. The girl was very lazy and never helped her mother. Every day she just primped and looked at the mirror to admire her own beauty. She was also spoiled girl. All of his requests must be obeyed even though her mother was poor old lady.
Like usual, in every week end, the old widow went down to the market to sell dry woods. This time, her daughter wanted to go with her too. She wanted to buy new clothes. The old widow was happy to see her own daughter went with her together to the market. The old widow also planned to use the money she got from selling the wood to buy new clothes for her daughter. She was truly wanted to see her daughter happy.
The market was so far from their house. They should walk down the hill and pass a village. The girl wore nice clothes and dress up so the people who saw her will be admiring her beauty. In contrary, her mother wore dirty clothes with a basket full of dry wood on her back. She wanted that her mother to walk behind her so that people would think that she was not her mother. The girl cannot accept if people in the village know that the old widow was her mother. Indeed, none know that the girl and the old widow were mother and daughter because they lived alone on the top of hill.
When they began to enter the village, all the people who passed by were looking at them. They were so fascinated by the beauty of the girl. They could not resist to look at her beautiful face. However, when people saw an old lady who walked behind her, it was so contrastive. It made people to wonder who the old dirty lady behind her was. Among those who saw it, a young man approached and asked her, "Hey, pretty girl. Is that your mother behind you? "
"No," the girl said arrogantly. "She is my servant!"
The old lady could understand why her own daughter said so. She only blamed herself that she could not be the mother that her daughter wanted. The old lady only kept silent and continued the journey. Not far away from there, a young man approached again and asked the girl the same question.
328 "Hi sweetheart. Is it your mother who walks behind you? "
BalasHapusAgain the girl rejected the fact by saying no the old widow was her mother. "No, no, she is not my mother," said the girl. "She is my slave!"
The same questions continued repeatedly several times. And the girl always answered the questions by telling that the old widow was not her mother. The first, second, and the third ones, the old widow could accept it. However when it went along several times, it made the old widow sad. It hurt the old lady so much that her own daughter did not admit that she was her mother. The silent turned to sadness. The sadness turned to madness. And when a mother was mad, a bad thing would follow. Finally, the poor old widow cannot resist anymore. The old widow prayed to the God to punish her rebellious daughter.
"Oh my God, I was not able to resist this insult. How come my own daughter treat her own mother like this. Yes, God punish this rebellious child! Punish her.... "
On the power of God Almighty, slowly her body was turned to stone. The change starts from the feet. When the change has reached half of the body, the girl was crying asking forgiveness to her mother.
"Oh, my mother, please forgive me. Forgive what I have done to you. Please, mother. I will change, mother. Please forgive your daughter, your only daughter," cry the girl.
The girl continued to wail and cry pleading with his mother. However, everything was too late. The whole body of the girl was eventually turned into stone. Even when she turned into stone, people still can see the tears. The stone cries. Therefore, people begin to call it "Crying Stone or Batu Menangis".
343 Lutung Kasarung
BalasHapusOnce upon a time, there was a king named Prabu Tapa Agung who had led a kingdom in West Java for a long time. He was getting old and therefore wanted to choose a successor. But unfortunately, he had no son. He thought of choosing one of his daughters, Purbararang and Purbasari. But it wasn’t an easy choice. They were both very pretty and smart. The only difference was their temperament. Purbararang was rude and dishonest, while Purbasari was kind and caring. With those considerations, Prabu Tapa Agung finally chose Purbasari to be his successor.
Purbararang didn’t agree with her father’s decision. “It’s supposed to be me, Father. I’m the eldest daughter!” Purbararang said. Prabu Tapa Agung smiled. “Purbararang, to be a queen takes more than age. There are many other qualities that one must possess,” explained Prabu Tapa Agung wisely. “What does Purbasari have that I don’t?” Purbararang pouted. “You’ll find out when Purbasari has replaced me,” Prabu Tapa Agung answered.
After the discussion, Purbararang went back to her room. “Is there something wrong?” asked Indrajaya. Indrajaya is Purbararang’s future husband. “I’m upset! Father chose Purbasari as his successor and not me! I have to do something!” Purbararang said. Driven mad by her anger, she came to a witch and asked her to send rash all over Purbasari’s body. Before going to bed, Purbasari started to feel itch all over her body. She tried applying powder to her body, but it’s no use. Instead, the itching grew even worse. She didn’t want to scratch it, but she just couldn’t help it. In the next morning, there were scratch mark all over Purbasari’s body. “What happened to you?” asked Purbararang, pretending to be concerned. “I don’t know, sis. Last night, my body suddenly felt very itchy. I scratched and scratched, and this is what happened,” Purbasari answered. Purbararang shook her head. “You must have done something really awful. You’ve been punished by the gods!”
363That day, the whole kingdom was scandalized. “What have you done, Purbasari?” demanded Prabu Tapa Agung. Purbasari shook her head. “I didn’t do anything that would upset the gods, Father,” she answered. “Then how can you explain what happened to your body?” Prabu Tapa Agung asked again. “If you don’t confess, I’ll banish you to the woods.” Purbasari took a deep breath. “Like I said before, I didn’t do anything wrong. And I’d rather be thrown into the woods than to confess to a deed I didn’t commit.”
BalasHapusAfter a short discussion with his advisor, Prabu Tapa Agung ordered Purbasari to be moved to the woods. Purbasari was very sad, but she couldn’t do anything to defy her father’s order. She was accompanied to the woods by a messenger. He built a simple hut for Purbasari. After the messenger left, suddenly a black monkey came to Purbasari’s hut. He carried a bunch of bananas. From behind him, some animals looked on. “Are the bananas for me?’ Purbasari asked. The black monkey nodded, as if he understood what Purbasari said. Purbasari took the bananas with pleasure. She also said thanks. The other animals that were looking on also seemed to smile. “Are you willing to be my friend?” Purbasari asked them. All the animals nodded happily. Although she was living by herself in the woods, Purbasari never lacked of supplies. Everyday, there were always animals bringing her fruits and fish to eat.
A long time had passed since Purbasari was banished to the woods, but her body still itched. At some places, her skin was even ulcerating. What am I supposed to do?” Purbasari sighed. The monkey who was sitting next to her stayed still, there were tears in his eyes. He hoped Purbasari would remain patient and strong.
One night, on a full moon, the monkey took Purbasari to a valley. There is a pond with hot spring water. The monkey suddenly spoke, “The water of this pond will heal your skin,” he said. Purbasari was surprised, ”You can talk? Who are you?” she asked. “You’ll find out, in time,” the monkey said. Purbasari didn’t want to force the monkey. She then walked to the pond. She bathed there. After a few hours, Purbasari walked out of the pond. She was shocked to see her face reflected on the clear pond water. Her face was beautiful again, with smooth and clean skin. Purbasari observed her entire body. There were no traces of any skin ailments. “I’m cured! I’m cured!” Purbasari shouted in joy. She quickly offered thanks to the gods and also to the monkey.
378 The news of Purbasari’s condition quickly spread to the kingdom, irritating Purbararang. She then accompanied by Indrajaya go to the woods to see Purbasari. Purbasari asked if she would be allowed to go home. Purbararang said she would let Purbasari return to the palace if Purbasari’s hair were longer than hers. Purbararang then let her hair down. It was so long, it almost touched the ground. But it turned out that Purbasari’s hair was twice longer than Purbararang’s hair.
BalasHapus“Fine, so your hair is longer than mine.” Purbararang admitted. “But there is one more condition you must fulfill, do you have a future husband who is handsomer than mine?” said Purbararang as she walked toward Indrajaya. Purbasari felt miserable. She didn’t have a future husband yet. So, without much thought, she pulled the black monkey beside her.
Purbararang and Indrajaya burst out, but their laughter didn’t last long. The monkey meditates and suddenly transformed into a very handsome young man, a lot more handsome than Indrajaya. “I’m a prince from a kingdom far away. I was cursed to be a monkey because of a mistake I committed. I could regain my true form only if there’s a girl who would be willing to be my wife,” said the young man.
Finally, Purbararang gave up. She accepted Purbasari as the queen, and also confessed everything she had done. “Please forgive me. Please don’t punish me,” Purbararang said, asking for forgiveness. Instead of being angry, Purbasari smiled. “I forgive you, sis,” she said. Soon after, Purbasari become queen. Beside her was the handsome prince, the former monkey known as Lutung Kasarung.
396 Laptop
BalasHapusLaptop, often called a notebook, is a portable personal computer with a clamshell form factor, suitable for mobile use. Although originally there was a distinction between laptops and notebooks, the former being bigger and heavier than the latter, as of 2014, there is often no longer any difference. Laptops are commonly used in a variety of settings, such as at work, in education, and for personal multimedia.
A laptop combines the components, inputs, outputs and capabilities of a desktop computer, including the display screen, speakers, a keyboard, and pointing devices (such as a touchpad or trackpad) into a single unit. Most 2016-era laptops also have integrated webcams and built-in microphones. The device can be powered either from a rechargeable battery or by mains electricity from an AC adapter. Laptops are diverse devices and specialised kinds, such as rugged notebooks for use in construction or convertible computers, have been optimized for specific uses. The hardware specifications, such as the processor speed and memory capacity significantly vary between different types, makes, and models.
Flags
A flag is a piece of fabric (most often rectangular or quadrilateral) with a distinctive design that is used as a symbol, as a signaling device, or as decoration. The term flag is also used to refer to the graphic design employed, and flags have since evolved into a general tool for rudimentary signalling and identification, especially in environments where communication is similarly challenging (such as the maritime environment where semaphore is used).
National flags are potent patriotic symbols with varied wide-ranging interpretations. Flags are also used in messaging, advertising, or for other decorative purposes. The study of flags is known as vexillology, from the Latin word vexillum, meaning flag or banner.
Otter
Otter is a common name for a carnivorous mammal in the subfamily Lutrinae. The 13 extant otter species are all semiaquatic, aquatic or marine, with diets based on fish and invertebrates. Lutrinae is a branch of the weasel family Mustelidae, which also includes badgers, honey badgers, martens, minks, polecats, weasels and wolverines.
The word otter derives from the Old English word otor or oter. This, and cognate words in other Indo-European languages, ultimately stem from the Proto-Indo-European language root *wódr̥, which also gave rise to the English word "water".
An otter's den is called a Holt or Couch. Male otters are called dogs or boars, females are called bitches or sows, and their offspring are called pups.The collective nouns for otters are bevy, family, lodge, romp (being descriptive of their often playful nature) or, when in water, raft.
409
BalasHapusCountry
A country is a region that is identified as a distinct entity in political geography. A country may be an independent sovereign state or one that is occupied by another state, as a non-sovereign or formerly sovereign political division, or a geographic region associated with sets of previously independent or differently associated people with distinct political characteristics. Regardless of the physical geography, in the modern internationally accepted legal definition as defined by the League of Nations in 1937 and reaffirmed by the United Nations in 1945, a resident of a country is subject to the independent exercise of legal jurisdiction.
Sometimes the word countries is used to refer both to sovereign states and to other political entities, while other times it refers only to states. For example, the CIA World Factbook uses the word in its "Country name" field to refer to "a wide variety of dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, uninhabited islands, and other entities in addition to the traditional countries or independent states". Village
A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement.
Although many patterns of village life have existed, the typical village was small, consisting of perhaps 5 to 30 families. Homes were situated together for sociability and defence, and land surrounding the living quarters was farmed.
Bawang Merah and Bawang Putih
BalasHapusIn the ancient time, lived a little family. The family consists of father, mother, and a beautiful girl named Bawang Putih. They are a harmonious and happy family despite his father worked as an ordinary merchant. One day, the happiness in this family was lost because the mother died. Bawang Putih was very sad because she was very fond of her mother. Her father was also so sad because he loved his wife so much.
After Bawang Putih’s mother died, her house was visited frequently by a widow who had a daughter named Bawang Merah. The widow often came with Bawang Merah to the Bawang Putih’s home by bringing food, helping to clean the house, and chatting with Bawang Putih’s father. Finally, the father thinks that he should marry the widow and made the widow as a new mother for Bawang Putih.
He asked for consideration of the proposal to Bawang Putih. After being allowed to get married by Bawang Putih, then her father immediately carried out the marriage. They become a new family and lived in a house. At first, the mother and Bawang Merah’s behaved Bawang Putih very well. However, the good behavior did not to be last long. Soon, the Bawang Merah and her mother began to show their bad attitude. Bawang Putih was often scolded and given heavy works when the father went to trade. She had to do a lot of housework while the Bawang Merahs just sit and did not work at all. However, the situation was never told by her to his father, so the Bawang Putih continued to be treated badly by Bawang Merah’s and her mother.
One day, his father was sick and passed away. Since then, Bawang Putih was treated worse than before. Bawang Putih almost never had a break every day. In the morning, she had to get up in order to prepare breakfast and the water for Bawang Merah and her mother. Later, she also gave eating to the livestock, washing clothes, and even watering the entire garden. Although she should do so many works, she always did it happily. She hoped, with such sincerity, her mother would love her sincerely someday.
On the morning, Bawang Putih went to the river to wash the clothes. She was so excited and washed vigorously. Because of getting too excited, she was not aware that there was a shirt that washed away. She realized that the shirt had been washed away when the flow carried it far enough. Later, she pursued but did not get the shirt. She felt hopeless and immediately went home.
The shirt was her mother's favorite. Of course, the mother was angry and told her to look for the shirt until she could found it. Bawang Putih came back to the river and walked to the west to seek her mother's favorite shirt. She walked along the river up to tens of kilometers. After that, Bawang Putih suddenly saw someone who was bathing the buffalo in the river. She asked the man about the clothes were washed away. Later, she was informed that the shirt drifting and it was not far from where she was standing. At that moment, Bawang Putih immediately ran down the river to find the shirt.
435
It was getting dark and the Bawang Putih found a home. Because of completely exhausted, she decided to take a break in the house. Apparently, it housed an old lady who had previously found the shirt. The old lady wanted to return the shirt to her, but she should accompany the old lady during a week. She agreed to stay with the lady for a week. Within a week, she made the old lady to be so happy because she was diligent and never complained even though felt so tired.
444 After accompanying for a week, she was given a pumpkin as the gift. When opening it, she was very surprised because there were so much gold and gems. She immediately went home and told the happening to her mother and also Bawang Merah. However, the gold and jewels that she got immediately seized and she was forced to tell where the jewelry could be obtained. Bawang Putih immediately said that she got it from an old lady who lived near the river.
BalasHapusIn the next day, Bawang Merah came to that house and stayed for a week like what Bawang Putih did. However, because Bawang Merah was a lazy girl, the old lady gave a different pumpkin from Bawang Putih. Bawang Merah did not care and Bawang Merah immediately went home to open the pumpkin with her mother. Apparently, the content was not gems or gold, but the venomous snake that bit of Bawang Merah and the mother. Both of them died because of their greed.
After the happening, Bawang Putih was living alone, but she was more calm and lived happily with its gold and gems.
467 The Golden Slug (Keong Mas)
BalasHapusIn the ancient time, lived a young man named Galoran. He was respected because of his wealth and honor. His parents were nobleman so he could live with luxury. However, he was very wasteful and every day just squandered the wealth of his parents.
One day, his parents died, but he did not care and continued to spend money as well as before. Because his life was so extravagant, all the treasure that he had was running out and he became an unemployed person. Many people sympathized with him and offered a job. But every time he got the job, he just dallied and it made him always be fired. Several months later, there was a wealthy widow who interested him. He married the widow and of course, he was very happy to be living in luxury again.
The widow had a daughter who was very diligent and clever to weave. Her name is Jambean, a beautiful girl and had been famous because of her weaving. However, Galoran did not like the girl, because the girl often scolded him because of his laziness. Finally, he threatened to torture and kill Jambean. He revealed the plan to his wife and the wife was very sad to hear of the threat.
Hearing the news, Jambean was very sad but she volunteered herself to be killed by her father. She told that she wanted to be dumped into a dam and did not burry under the ground after the death. The mother agreed and did all of her wants. In the dam, her body and head suddenly turned into the golden slugs.
Several years later, there are two widows who were looking for firewood. They were kindred, the first widow named Mbok Sambega Rondo and the second called Mbok Rondo Sembagil. When looking for the firewood in the jungle, they were very surprised because of finding the beautiful golden slugs. They brought it and maintained at home.
Once they brought the snails, there was always a miracle every day. Their kitchen was always filled with the delicious food when they came home from work. They were very surprised, and wanted to know the person who made those foods. They pretended to go to work and hid in the back of the house. A few moments later, there was a beautiful girl came from the inside of the conch and she began to cook the delicious meals.
Both widows then secretly held and did not let the girl to get into the snail anymore. The girl apparently was Jambean who had been killed by her father. Both widows then allowed her to stay with them. Because of their versatility in weaving, she got her famous back and made a handsome prince attracted. In the end, she married the prince and lived happily.
487 Mouse Deer and Crocodile
BalasHapusOne day, Mouse Deer went down to the river to take a drink. But he knew that the crocodile might be waiting underwater to eat him, so he said out loud. “I wonder if the water’s warm. I’ll put in my leg and find out.” Of course Mouse Deer didn’t put in his leg. He picked up a stick instead and put one end into the water. Chomp…! Crocodile grabbed the stick and pulled it underwater. Mouse Deer laughed. “Ha… ha…ha… Stupid crocodile! Cant you tell the difference between a stick and a leg?” Then Mouse Deer ran off to drink somewhere else.
In the next day, Mouse Deer wanted to cross the river. He wanted to eat the fruits on the other side of the river. He saw a floating log in the river. He knew that Crocodile looked like a log when he floated. Mouse Deer didn’t want to be eaten by Crocodile when he crosses the river. He had an idea. He called out loud, “Crocodile!” Crocodile rose from the water, “Hello, Mouse Deer. Have you come to be my lunch?” Mouse Deer smiled. “Sorry, not today, Crocodile. I have orders from the King. He wants to invite all the crocodiles in this river to a party. He wants me to count all the crocodiles so he could prepare enough meal for you.”
“Really…? Tell us what to do,” said Crocodile. “You must line up from this side of the river to the other side,” said Mouse Deer. Crocodile then got all his friends and family. They lined up across the river. Mouse Deer then jumped onto Crocodile’s back. “One,” he counted. He jumped onto the next crocodile, “Two.” And the next crocodile, “Three.” Mouse Deer kept jumping until he arrived on the other side of the river. “How many are there?” asked Crocodile. “Just enough,” said Mouse Deer. He laughed as he ran to the forest.***
507
BalasHapus525 Snow White
BalasHapusOnce upon a time there lived a little, named Snow White. She lived with her aunt and uncle because her parents were died.
One day she heard her aunt and uncle talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because they wanted to go to America and they didn't have enough money to take Snow White with them.
Snow White didn't want her uncle and aunt to do this. So she decided to run away. The next morning she run away from home when her aunt and uncle were having breakfast, she run away into the wood.
In the wood she felt very tired and hungry. Then she saw this cottage. She knocked but no one answered so she went inside and felt asleep
Meanwhile seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There, they found Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said; “What is your name?”. Snow White said; “My name is Snow White”. One of the dwarfs said; “If you wish, you may live here with us”. Snow White told the whole story about her. Then Snow white and the seven dwarfs lived happily ever after. A bear and a lion
One upon a time a lion and a bear caught and killed a goat. They had a quarrel over it.
“It is mine,” said the bear. “I caught it with my strong paws.”
“It is not yours. It is mine,” said the lion. “I killed it with my strong jaws.”
Then they began to fight over it. They ran up and down the hill, under and over the fallen trees, in and out of the forest. They bit and scratched with their strength, but no one could overcome the other.
At last they both were tired out and could fight no longer. They lay upon the ground, panting and looking at each other.
A fox who was passing by at the time saw them with a dead goat near by. She ran up to them, took the goat home and ate it up
555 The fools of two men
BalasHapusGotham (Go’tem) was a little town in England.
Once there was a man from Gotham going to market to buy sheep. At gotham bridge, he met a man who had just come back from the market.
“Where are you going?” asked the man who had come back to Gotham.
“I am going to market to buy sheep,” answered the other.
“Which way are you going to bring your sheep home?” asked the first man again.
“Over this bridge,” answered the second man.
“You shall not go over this bridge,” said the first man. “You shall go that way,”
“I will go over this bridge,” said the second man.
“You shall not,” said the first man again.
“But I will,” replied the other.
Soon the two men began to fight. They fought and fought until they both got quite hurt.
How foolish they were! They fought over the sheep which were not here.
The Legend of Malin Kundang
A long time ago, in a small village near the beach in West Sumatra, a woman and her son lived. They were Malin Kundang and her mother. Her mother was a single parent because Malin Kundang's father had passed away when he was a baby. Malin Kundang had to live hard with his mother
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Malin Kundang was a healthy, dilligent, and strong boy. He usually went to sea to catch fish. After getting fish he would bring it to his mother, or sold the caught fish in the town. One day, when Malin Kundang was sailing, he saw a merchant's ship which was being raided by a small band of pirates. He helped the merchant. With his brave and power, Malin Kundang defeated the pirates.
The merchant was so happy and thanked to him. In return the merchant asked Malin Kundang to sail with him. To get a better life, Malin Kundang agreed. He left his mother alone. Many years later, Malin Kundang became wealthy. He had a huge ship and was helped by many ship crews loading trading goods. Perfectly he had a beautiful wife too. When he was sailing his trading journey, his ship landed on a beach near a small village. The villagers recognized him. The news ran fast in the town; “Malin Kundang has become rich and now he is here”. An old woman ran to the beach to meet the new rich merchant. She was Malin Kundang’s mother.
She wanted to hug him, released her sadness of being lonely after so long time. Unfortunately, when the mother came, Malin Kundang who was in front of his well dressed wife and his ship crews denied meeting that old lonely woman. For three times her mother begged Malin Kundang and for three times he yelled at her. At last Malin Kundang said to her "Enough, old woman! I have never had a mother like you, a dirty and ugly woman!" After that he ordered his crews to set sail. He would leave the old mother again but in that time she was full of both sadness and angriness. Finally, enraged, she cursed Malin Kundang that he would turn into a stone if he didn't apologize. Malin Kundang just laughed and really set sail
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In the quiet sea, suddenly a thunderstorm came. His huge ship was wrecked and it was too late for Malin Kundang to apologize. He was thrown by the wave out of his ship. He fell on a small island. It was really too late for him to avoid his curse. Suddenly,
he turned into a stone.
575 Lutung Kasarung
BalasHapusCerita rakyat from West Java
Prabu Tapa Agung had led a kingdom in West Java for a long time. He was getting old and therefore wanted to choose a successor. But unfortunately, he had no son. He thought of choosing one of his daughters, Purbararang and Purbasari. But it wasn’t an easy choice. They were both very pretty and smart. The only difference was their temperament. Purbararang was rude and dishonest, while Purbasari was kind and caring. With those considerations, Prabu Tapa Agung finally chose Purbasari to be his successor.
Purbararang didn’t agree with her father’s decision. “It’s supposed to be me, Father. I’m the eldest daughter!” Purbararang said. Prabu Tapa Agung smiled. “Purbararang, to be a queen takes more than age. There are many other qualities that one must possess,” explained Prabu Tapa Agung wisely. “What does Purbasari have that I don’t?” Purbararang pouted. “You’ll find out when Purbasari has replaced me,” Prabu Tapa Agung answered.
After the discussion, Purbararang went back to her room. “Is there something wrong?” asked Indrajaya. Indrajaya is Purbararang’s future husband. “I’m upset! Father chose Purbasari as his successor and not me! I have to do something!” Purbararang said. Driven mad by her anger, she came to a witch and asked her to send rash all over Purbasari’s body. Before going to bed, Purbasari started to feel itch all over her body. She tried applying powder to her body, but it’s no use. Instead, the itching grew even worse. She didn’t want to scratch it, but she just couldn’t help it. In the next morning, there were scratch mark all over Purbasari’s body. “What happened to you?” asked Purbararang, pretending to be concerned. “I don’t know, sis. Last night, my body suddenly felt very itchy. I scratched and scratched, and this is what happened,” Purbasari answered. Purbararang shook her head. “You must have done something really awful. You’ve been punished by the gods!”
That day, the whole kingdom was scandalized. “What have you done, Purbasari?” demanded Prabu Tapa Agung. Purbasari shook her head. “I didn’t do anything that would upset the gods, Father,” she answered. “Then how can you explain what happened to your body?” Prabu Tapa Agung asked again. “If you don’t confess, I’ll banish you to the woods.” Purbasari took a deep breath. “Like I said before, I didn’t do anything wrong. And I’d rather be thrown into the woods than to confess to a deed I didn’t commit.”
640 After a short discussion with his advisor, Prabu Tapa Agung ordered Purbasari to be moved to the woods. Purbasari was very sad, but she couldn’t do anything to defy her father’s order. She was accompanied to the woods by a messenger. He built a simple hut for Purbasari. After the messenger left, suddenly a black monkey came to Purbasari’s hut. He carried a bunch of bananas. From behind him, some animals looked on. “Are the bananas for me?’ Purbasari asked. The black monkey nodded, as if he understood what Purbasari said. Purbasari took the bananas with pleasure. She also said thanks. The other animals that were looking on also seemed to smile. “Are you willing to be my friend?” Purbasari asked them. All the animals nodded happily. Although she was living by herself in the woods, Purbasari never lacked of supplies. Everyday, there were always animals bringing her fruits and fish to eat.
BalasHapusA long time had passed since Purbasari was banished to the woods, but her body still itched. At some places, her skin was even ulcerating. What am I supposed to do?” Purbasari sighed. The monkey who was sitting next to her stayed still, there were tears in his eyes. He hoped Purbasari would remain patient and strong.
One night, on a full moon, the monkey took Purbasari to a valley. There is a pond with hot spring water. The monkey suddenly spoke, “The water of this pond will heal your skin,” he said. Purbasari was surprised, ”You can talk? Who are you?” she asked. “You’ll find out, in time,” the monkey said. Purbasari didn’t want to force the monkey. She then walked to the pond. She bathed there. After a few hours, Purbasari walked out of the pond. She was shocked to see her face reflected on the clear pond water. Her face was beautiful again, with smooth and clean skin. Purbasari observed her entire body. There were no traces of any skin ailments. “I’m cured! I’m cured!” Purbasari shouted in joy. She quickly offered thanks to the gods and also to the monkey.
The news of Purbasari’s condition quickly spread to the kingdom, irritating Purbararang. She then accompanied by Indrajaya go to the woods to see Purbasari. Purbasari asked if she would be allowed to go home. Purbararang said she would let Purbasari return to the palace if Purbasari’s hair were longer than hers. Purbararang then let her hair down. It was so long, it almost touched the ground. But it turned out that Purbasari’s hair was twice longer than Purbararang’s hair.
“Fine, so your hair is longer than mine.” Purbararang admitted. “But there is one more condition you must fulfill, do you have a future husband who is handsomer than mine?” said Purbararang as she walked toward Indrajaya. Purbasari felt miserable. She didn’t have a future husband yet. So, without much thought, she pulled the black monkey beside her.
Purbararang and Indrajaya burst out, but their laughter didn’t last long. The monkey meditates and suddenly transformed into a very handsome young man, a lot more handsome than Indrajaya. “I’m a prince from a kingdom far away. I was cursed to be a monkey because of a mistake I committed. I could regain my true form only if there’s a girl who would be willing to be my wife,” said the young man.
Finally, Purbararang gave up. She accepted Purbasari as the queen, and also confessed everything she had done. “Please forgive me. Please don’t punish me,” Purbararang said, asking for forgiveness. Instead of being angry, Purbasari smiled. “I forgive you, sis,” she said. Soon after, Purbasari become queen. Beside her was the handsome prince, the former monkey known as Lutung Kasarung.
670 Cindelaras
BalasHapusCerita rakyat from East Java
Raden Putra was the king of Jenggala kingdom. He had a beautiful queen and concubine. Unlike the queen, the concubine had bad personalities. She was envious and jealous with the queen, so she planned to make the queen leave the palace. The concubine then asked the royal healer to help her in her plan. One day, the concubine pretended to be ill. Raden Putra called the royal healer to give the concubine treatments. “What is her disease?” Raden Putra asked the royal healer. “I’m very sorry, My Majesty. She is sick because the queen put poison in her meal,” the royal healer lied.
Raden Putra was shock and angry to hear the explanation. He called the queen and asked her if the story was true. Of course the queen denied, but Raden Putra won’t listen. “Please Your Majesty, have mercy. I really didn’t do anything,” cried the queen in her tears. Raden Putra’s anger ended in a decision. The queen should be banished to the woods and terminated. He did not know that the queen was already pregnant. Raden Putra commanded one of his general to do the punishment. The queen was banished to the woods, but the wise general didn’t have the heart to kill her. He built a simple house in the woods for her. On his way back to the palace, he smeared his sword with rabbit blood, so Raden Putra would believe that he had killed the queen.
After the general left, the queen lived by herself in the woods. Several months later, she gave birth to a healthy baby boy. The baby was named Cindelaras. He grew up as a nice, healthy, and handsome boy. One day, while Cindelaras helped her mother to collect some fire woods, an eagle dropped an egg. Cindelaras brought the egg to be brooded by a chicken behind their house. The egg hatched into a chick and then it slowly became a strong rooster. The rooster is no ordinary rooster. The rooster could sing. Every morning, the rooster woke Cindelaras up with its beautiful song, “My master is Cindelaras. His house is in the woods. He’s the son of Raden Putra.” The rooster often sang that song.
Cindelaras always woke up early in the morning and listen happily to his rooster’s song. He didn’t realize the meaning of the song until one day, he started to think. “Who is Raden Putra?” he asked his mother. The queen then told him the whole story. She also told him why they were banned from the kingdom and lived in the woods. Cindelaras was very surprised. He decided to go to the palace to meet the king, his father. Cindelaras asked her mother’s permission to go to the kingdom and to tell the king what really happened. He also brought his rooster that grew bigger and stronger each day.
695 On his way, Cindelaras stopped at a village. There, he met some people who were involved in cockfighting. They challenge him to see how strong his rooster was. “If your rooster wins, you’ll get a reward,” said the man who challenged him. Cindelaras accepted the challenge. In a few minutes, his rooster defeated the opponent’s rooster. He was challenged again by other man, and one more time, his rooster won. He won again and again.
BalasHapusThe news about Cindelaras’ rooster quickly spread to the whole Jenggala kingdom and made Raden Putra curious. So, he invited Cindelaras to the palace. “What is your name, boy?” Raden Putra asked as Cindelaras arrived in the palace. “My name is Cindelaras, Your Majesty,” Cindelaras answered. He felt both thrilled and happy to see Raden Putra.
Raden Putra challenged Cindelaras with one condition. If Raden Putra’s rooster won, Cindelaras’ head would be cut off. But if Cindelaras’ rooster won, Raden Putra would share half of his wealth. Cindelaras accepted the condition. The competition was held in the front yard of the palace. The two roosters fought bravely. But in just a few minutes, Cindelaras’ rooster won the fight! Raden Putra shook his head and stared at Cindelaras from his seat, “That rooster is no ordinary rooster, and the boy is not an ordinaty boy either. Who is he exactly?” he thought. Raden Putra was about to asked when suddenly Cindelaras’ rooster sang the song, “My master is Cindelaras. His house is in the woods. He’s the son of Raden Putra.”
Raden Putra was surprised. “Is it true?” he asked. “Yes, My Majesty. My name is Cindelaras and my mother was the queen,” said Cindelaras. Raden putra called the general who had banished the queen. The general then confessed that he never killed the queen. Later, the royal healer also admitted his mistake. Raden Putra was so shocked. He immediately went to the woods to pick up the queen. Ever since, Cindelaras and his parents lived happily together. As for the concubine, she was sent to the jail as punishment.
710 Roro Jonggrang
BalasHapusLong time ago, there was a kingdom named Prambanan. All the people of Prambanan lived peacefully. But then, Prambanan kingdom was attacked and occupied by the Pengging kingdom. Prambanan then was ruled by Bandung Bondowoso of Pengging kingdom. He was a mean king. He also had great supernatural power. His soldiers were not only humans, but also genies.
The king of Prambanan had a beautiful daughter named Loro Jonggrang. Bandung Bondowoso fell in love with her and wanted to marry her. “You’re very beautiful. Would you be my queen?” asked Bandung Bondowoso. Loro Jonggrang was shocked. She didn’t like Bandung Bondowoso because he was a mean person. She wanted to refuse, but she afraid that Bandung Bondowoso would be angry and endangered the people of Prambanan. Then, she came up with a plan. “If you want to marry me, you have to build a thousand temples for me in just one night,” said Loro Jonggrang. “What? That’s impossible!” said Bandung Bondowoso. But he did not give up. He consulted with his advisor. “Your Majesty can asked the genies to help built the temples,” said the advisor.
So, Bandung Bondowoso summoned his entire genies soldier and commanded them to help him built a thousand temples. The genies worked in unbelievable speed. Meanwhile, Loro Jonggrang heard from her servant that the building of a thousand temples was almost finished. She was so worried. But again, she came up with a great idea. She asked all of her servants to help her. “Please prepare a lot of straw and mortar. Please hurry up!” said Loro Jonggrang. “Burn the straw and make some noise pounding the mortar, quickly.” All those servants did what Loro Jonggrang ordered them; burning straw and pounding the mortar, making the genies think that the sun is going to rise.
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BalasHapusOnce upon a time, an old widow wanted a daughter to live with her in the village. Knowing her wish, a huge giant visited her house. He gave her a cucumber seed. He told the old widow that there will be a a baby inside the cucumber. The giant promised to come back for the baby once she turned sixteen.
The old widow planted the seed in her yard. By the next morning, a cucumber grew. She cut it open and found a baby girl inside. The old widow was so happy and named the baby Timun Mas. Day by day, Timun Mas grew into a beautiful lady. The widow remembered what the giant had warned her. So when Timun Mas turned sixteen, the widow told her to run into the jungle with a bag of salt. “You must not let the giant catch you,” the widow cried out as Timun Mas ran into the jungle.
The giant came and asked the widow for Timun Mas. The widow refused to tell him and so he went into the jungle. He angrily called out for Timun Mas. Timun Mas heard his voice and ran away from him. The giant chased her. Timun Mas threw the salt that the widow had given her. It turned the jungle into a muddy field. The muddy field swallowed the giant and he was never seen again. Finally, Timun Mas returned home and lived happily ever after with the old widow.
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BalasHapusOnce two friends were walking through the forest. They knew that anything dangerous can happen to them at any time in the forest. So they promised each other that they would remain united in any case of danger.
Suddenly, they saw a large bear approaching them. One of the friends at once climbed a nearby tree. But the other one did not know how to climb. So being led by his common sense, he lay down on the ground breathless, pretending to be a dead man.
The bear came near the man lying on the ground. It smelt in his ears, and slowly left the place. Because the bears do not touch the dead creatures. Now the friend on the tree came down and asked his friend on the ground, “Friend, what did the bear tell you into your ears?” The other friend replied, “The bear advised me not to believe a false friend.”One day, there was a mouse deer. He was thirsty so he wanted to drink on the river.
When the mouse deer came next to the rive, a tiger approached him and wanted to eat him. Of course the mouse deer tried to escape, but the tiger run faster and caught him. In that dangerous situation the mouse deer thought hard how to escape the tiger. Then he got idea and said to the tiger, “Listen! Your mightiness and toughness are all great! But I have my own king. He has a greater strength than yours! I am sure that nobody can match his powers!” Because the tiger felt taunted, he declared that he would challenge the mouse deer’s king.
Next the mouse lead the tiger to the river, and said, “Now Look at the water. You will see my king” Foolishly the tiger looked in the river and surely saw another tiger in the water. Then he growled, but the tiger in the river imitated to growl too. Because of his too high self pride, the tiger jumped into the water, and wanted to fight.
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BalasHapusnOce upon time there were a smart mouse deer. He lived near a river. The mouse deer used to go to the river to drink.
One day, the mouse deer was thirsty. He wanted to drink in the river but he knew that crocodiles were staying and waiting underwater to eat him. He thought hard and got bright idea. He said out loudly. “I will put in my leg and find out whether the water is warm or not” Of course the mouse deer did not do what he said. He did not put his leg but the mouse deer took a wood stick and put one end into the water. Blurrr…! Surely a crocodile grabbed the wood stick and pulled it underwater. Seeing that, the mouse deer laughed and said “Stupid crocodile! Can’t you see the difference between a wood stick and a leg?” Then the mouse deer ran to another side of the river and drink some water.
On the following day, the mouse deer was hungry. He wanted to eat some grass on the side of the river so he had to to cross the dangerous river which was full of crocodiles. Again he thought hard and found another smart idea and said loudly “Crocodiles come up!” then some crocodiles rose from the water. They looked happy and saw their sharp teeth and said “Hello, Mouse Deer. Do you come to be my lunch? We are hungry” The mouse deer just smiled and replied. “Sorry, Crocodiles, not today, I come to you to bring an invitation from the king. You are invited to the party. The king ordered me to count all crocodiles in this river so he knew how to prepare enough meal for you.”All the crocodiles felt happy and said “Really…? Tell us what to do,” said a crocodile. “You have to line up from this side of the river to the other side,” said the mouse deer. Not long after that the crocodile got all his friends and family. He ordered to lined up across the river.
The mouse deer then jumped on the Crocodile’s back. “One,” the mouse deer counted. He jumped onto the next crocodile, “Two.” And he jumped again on the next crocodile, “Three.” he kept jumping until he arrived on the other side of the river. “Just enough,” said the mouse deer. “I have counted all of you” He laughed and ran to the field of grass.
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BalasHapusOnce upon time there were a smart mouse deer. He lived near a river. The mouse deer used to go to the river to drink.
One day, the mouse deer was thirsty. He wanted to drink in the river but he knew that crocodiles were staying and waiting underwater to eat him. He thought hard and got bright idea. He said out loudly. “I will put in my leg and find out whether the water is warm or not” Of course the mouse deer did not do what he said. He did not put his leg but the mouse deer took a wood stick and put one end into the water. Blurrr…! Surely a crocodile grabbed the wood stick and pulled it underwater. Seeing that, the mouse deer laughed and said “Stupid crocodile! Can’t you see the difference between a wood stick and a leg?” Then the mouse deer ran to another side of the river and drink some water.
On the following day, the mouse deer was hungry. He wanted to eat some grass on the side of the river so he had to to cross the dangerous river which was full of crocodiles. Again he thought hard and found another smart idea and said loudly “Crocodiles come up!” then some crocodiles rose from the water. They looked happy and saw their sharp teeth and said “Hello, Mouse Deer. Do you come to be my lunch? We are hungry” The mouse deer just smiled and replied. “Sorry, Crocodiles, not today, I come to you to bring an invitation from the king. You are invited to the party. The king ordered me to count all crocodiles in this river so he knew how to prepare enough meal for you.”All the crocodiles felt happy and said “Really…? Tell us what to do,” said a crocodile. “You have to line up from this side of the river to the other side,” said the mouse deer. Not long after that the crocodile got all his friends and family. He ordered to lined up across the river.
The mouse deer then jumped on the Crocodile’s back. “One,” the mouse deer counted. He jumped onto the next crocodile, “Two.” And he jumped again on the next crocodile, “Three.” he kept jumping until he arrived on the other side of the river. “Just enough,” said the mouse deer. “I have counted all of you” He laughed and ran to the field of grass.Once upon a time, there lived as neighbors, a bear and a rabbit. The rabbit was a good shot. In contrary, the bear was always clumsy and could not use the arrow to good advantage.
One day, the bear called over the rabbit and asked the rabbit to take his bow and arrows and came with bear to the other side of the hill. The rabbit was preventing to arouse the bear’s anger so he could not refuse it. He consented and went with the bear and shot enough buffalo to satisfy the hungry family. Indeed he shot and killed so many that there was lots of meat left after the bear and his family had loaded themselves and packed all they could carry home.
The bear was very gluttonous and did not want the rabbit to get any of the meat. The rabbit could not even taste the blood from the butchering as the bear would throw earth on the blood and dry it up. The poor rabbit would have to go home hungry after his hard day’s work.
The bear was the father of five children. The youngest child was very kind to the rabbit. He was very hearty eater. The mother bear always gave him an extra large piece of meat but the youngest child did not eat it. He would take it outside with him and pretended to play ball with the meat. He kicked toward the rabbit’s house and when he got close to the door he would give the meat with such a great kick. The meat would fly into the rabbit’s house. In this way, the poor rabbit would get his meal unknown to the papa bear.
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BalasHapusFor people in East Java, Jatim Park may have been heard many times as it is one of the famous tourism object in East Java province. Jatim Park offers a recreation place as well as a study center.Jatim Park is located at Jl. Kartika 2 Batu, East Java. To reach the location is not too difficult because the object is only 2, 5 kilos meters from Batu city. This Jatim Park tourism object is about 22 hectares width. Kuta is the exciting tourist area on the southern part of Bali. It is located in southwestern Bali, just minutes from the airport.
Kuta is one of the world’s most famous beaches. It first attracted Western surfers with its world renowned surf break followed closely behind by sun worshipers and party goers attracted to its wide stretches of white sandy beach.
Kuta, In addition to being the sunset site number one, is also the center of night life activities. Kuta has a shopping mecca, with its lines of shops, boutiques, and galleries. Restaurants line up the streets as well as the beachfront hotels, ranging from a small, inexpensive homestay to a luxurious resort
There are many night clubs along Jalan Legian and Jalan Pantai Kuta. The busiest time for all night clubs are around from 22:00 and will close until down.
This example of descriptive text “contoh text descriptive” is arranged from:
Singapore, yes it is a famous country. Have you ever visited Singapore? Well, if you haven’t, let me tell you about Singapore. Singapore is an island city. Its population is about three millions people. Most Singaporeans live in high-rise apartments.
Singapore is a beautiful city with lots of parks and open spaces. It is also a very clean city. You know, the business district is very modern, with lots of tall and new buildings.
Now, let me tell you about the old section of the city. In Chinatown, there are rows of old shop houses. The government buildings in Singapore are also very unique and antique. They date from the British colonial days.
Shopping! Wow, this is the part that I like very much! Singapore is famous for its many good shopping centers. Most of the goods are duty free. It’s a heaven for shoppers!
What about food? Uhmm ..yummy..yummy. It’s delicious. Singapore’s restaurants provide Chinese, Indian, Malay, and European food, and the prices are quite reasonable. I bet you’ll like it.
Well, since Singapore lies near the equatorial line, of course, it has a tropical climate, with a nice weather in both dry and rainy season.
Visitor can enjoy at least 36 kinds of facilities which can attract them as well as give new knowledge. Just after the pass gate, the visitors will find an interesting view of ‘Galeri Nusantara’ area. This study offering continues to step on ‘Taman Sejarah’ area, which contains of miniature temple in East Java like Sumberawan temple, customhouse of Kiai Hasan Besari Ponorogo and Sumberawan Statue.
The other facility which is able to be enjoyed is ‘Agro Park’ area. It presents crop and rareness fruits, animal diorama which consists of unique animals that have been conserved, and supporting games like bowling, throw ball, scooter disco, etc
Jatim Park is suitable for family and school recreation. The recreation area sites offer precious tour and can used as alternative media of study. Do you know Easter Island? Well, Easter Island is in the South Pacific, 3,700 kilometers from the coast of Chile. On the island, there are 600
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BalasHapuslarge statues. We don’t know who built them but they were probably constructed between 1150 and 1500. We don’t really know why they are there, The Easter Island.
Norwegian explorer, Thor Heyerdahl, believed that they were built by people from South America. To prove this, he made a simple raft and sailed there, all the way from Peru.
Archaeologists think that the statues represent dead tribal leaders. We don’t know why the statues left alone on the island. Perhaps they were killed by disease or war. Perhaps the builders used all the natural resources on the island. There are many unanswered questions about Easter Island.
Michael Douglas is a very famous and popular American actor.
He is about sixty years old. He is a slim person and he is average height. He has got light brown eyes and short fair hair.
His wife is a very beautiful British actress who is named Catherine Zeta-Johns, she has got green eyes and long straight black hair.
They have got a daughter who is two years old. They all live in the United States Of America. My best friend is Ernesto and he is my classmate. We go to school together.
Ernesto comes from an educated family. His father is a school principal and his mother is also a teacher.
He is punctual, well-educated, and has good manners. He is really hard working. He always does his homework. He is also well-dressed and well-behaved. All teachers have a high opinion of him.
Ernesto has a well-built body. He is gentle but fearless. He takes part in all sports, scout, trekking and mountaineering activities. He has a good heart. He is truthful, honest and obedient.
He also plays the guitar, and he makes his parents very proud of him. He secures good marks and is usually top of his class in examinations. He inspires me to work harder. He keeps me away from bad company. I am happy to have such a friend. Hi,my name is Lizzie and my surname is Brown. I’m ten years old and I’m American.
I live in 27 Lincoln Street in New York. It is a big city in the USA.
I’m tall and thin. I’ve got long brown hair, black eyes, a small nose and a big mouth.
I’ m wearing a yellow blouse, an orange skirt, pink socks and blue trainers. Today I’ve got two nice bunches with two yellow ribbons in my hair.
I’m good-temperate , polite and happy. My favorite food is pizza and my favorite drink is coke.
I like cats very much. I can play tennis, but I can’t play basketball.
Hi, I am Vivian. Today I want to tell about my best friend, Claudia.
Claudia is special. I like her spontaneous nature.
She is young, exuberant, and lively; she is slim and active.
She often wears colorful clothes. Do you see her picture? She wears a green shirt and her favorite jeans.
She has a creative mind: students love her passionate outlook on life. Jacques has been my close friend for two years. I first met him on a school exchange trip to Calais, France. I asked him the way to the library and we started talking. We’ve been friends ever since.
Jacques is quite good-looking. He’s tall and slim, with olive skin and curly dark hair. Like many French people, he has a great sense of style, so he always looks well-dressed even in casual clothes.
Jacques is very outgoing. He is always friendly and loves to have fun. He’s got a fantastic sense of humour and he always makes me laugh. However, he can be a bit immature at times. For
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BalasHapusexample, when he doesn’t get what he wants, he acts childishly and stamps his feet.
Jacques is very keen on water sports. He likes sailing and he spends a lot of time on his boat. He enjoys scuba diving, too, and loves exploring life under sea.
All in all, I’m glad to have Jacques as my friend. It’s a pleasure to be with him and I really enjoy his company. I’m sure we’ll always be close friends.
Hallo guys..
How are you today? I hope you are fine.. Oke, In this occasion, I will share example of Descriptive Text. But, do you still remember about the definition of Descriptive Text? What is Descriptive Text? yup.. Descriptive Text is a text that describe a person, place or things. Its social function is to describe a person, place or things in specific. How about the generic structure? The generic structure of descriptive text is Identification, and description…
If you write a description about one of your your friend that the name is blablabla. Then you write about his or her face, tall, age, skin, hair, etc, in detail. It means you make a Descriptive text. What you wrote is Descriptive Text. If you write about one of your cat, and you describe it features, It’s is the same.
I am sure you have understand about it. I will not explain in longger again. Now, Let’s discuss about the example of Descriptive Text. I hope you will more understand about this text after reading some example below. Oke, please read carefully and understand some example below… I live in a small house. It has five rooms: there are two bedrooms, a living room, a bathroom, and a kitchen. Indeed it is a small house; but I like living in here for wasting my spare time.
When the door is open, I can see the living room. It is so small with only three chairs and a table, nothing else. I prefer reading a novel in this room.
My bedroom is in the left side of the living room. In this room there is a night table next to the bed, a TV, a radio, and a computer. When being bored of reading, I usually play online games, chat with my friends via Facebook and so on.
Next to my bedroom is my mother’s. I do not know what is inside because I never come in to see it. In the right side of the living room there is the kitchen. In the kitchen I have everything I need when I get hungry. It is very pleasure when my mother cooks, the smell fills my whole house.
I know it is a very small house; but it is the best place I have ever seen.
Contoh Descriptive Text Pendek – My Family
My family has four members: those are I, my sister, and parents of course.
My mother is 47 years old. Her name’s Anisa. She’s thin-faced and she’s got long, blond hair and beautiful green eyes. She is still slim because she always tries to stay in shape. She is very good-looking, always well-dressed and elegant.
My father, Lukman, is 5 years older than my mother. He is 52. In spite of his age he’s still black-haired, with several grey hairs. He has bright blue eyes. He is quite tall, but a bit shorter than me. He’s very hard-working. Besides that he is working in a travel company. He can even make a dinner when my mother is outside. His cooking and his meals are always very tasty as well as my mothers’.
Finally, my sister Nadina. She is 22. She is also red-haired and green-eyed. She has long wavy hair and freckles. She is definitely shorter than me. She is rather introverted. But she is very sensible, smart and co-operative. Right now she is studying English and also knows Arabic and
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BalasHapusMandarin. I want to be so smart as she is.
They all, except me, speak Sundanese very well, because we were living in Bandung for 5 years. My sister have been going to primary school there. Unfortunately I was only 3 when we were leaving to Jakarta, so I can’t speak Sundanese. Now we are happily living in Jakarta.
Contoh Descriptive Text Pendek – My Sphynx Cat
Sphynx Cats
My Sphynx cat is the only pet I have. He has a little hair but is not totally hairless as he has a peach fuzz over much of his body. His coat is often a warm chamois. My Sphynx has a normal cat proportion.
I like his tail although my mom say that it is like a rats tail. I love his usual color varieties including, tortoiseshell, chocolate, black, blue, lilac, chocolate etc. He is really an amazing cat. Believe it or not, he is very intelligent cat. He can respond my voice commands.
He is really funny as well as my friends get a joke. I love him so much as I love my mother.
Contoh Descriptive Text Pendek – My Mother
My mother is a beautiful person. She is not tall but not short, and she has curly hair and brown. Her eyes color are like honey and her color skin color light brown, and she has a beautiful smile. Her weight likes 120 lbs.
She is a very kind person. She is very lovely, friendly, patient, and she loves to help people. I love my mom, because she is a good example to me. She loves being in the Church, and she loves sing and dance too.
She is a very good child, wife and mother. She always takes care of her family. She likes her house to be clean and organized. She a very organized person, and all things in the house are in the right place. She doesn’t like messes.
She always has a smile on her face. She is so sweet and lovely. I like when I am going to sleep or went I wake up or when I am going to go to some places, she always give me a kiss, and when the family have a problem she always be with us to helps us and to give us all her love.
Contoh Descriptive Text Pendek – My Classmate, Yuta
Yuta is one of the 150 International students at the ELC of Brigham Young University. He is from Japan. He grew up in Japan, and he is 19 years old. There are six people in his family, a father, a mother, three sisters and himself. He is the youngest in his family. He is also the only boy in his family, but now he is in Provo, Utah, studying English. Yuta likes the United States very much and he thinks everything is cheap. Yuta thinks his English classes are excellent and the teachers are professionals. Yuta thinks someone in his class is noisy so he doesn’t like that. In his free time he spends too much time sleeping, so it seems that he has a sleeping sickness.
Borobudur Temple
(Identification)
Borobudur is a Buddhist temple. It was built in the ninth century under Sailendra dynasty of ancient Mataram kingdom. Borobudur is located in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia.
(Description)
Borobudur is well-known all over the world. Its construction is influenced by the Gupta architecture of India. The temple is constructed on a hill 46 meter high and consists of eight steps like stone terrace. The first five terraces are square and surrounded by walls adorned with Buddhist sculpture in bas-relief. The upper three are circular. Each of them is with a circle of bell shape-stupa. The entire upper structure is crowned by a large stupa at the center of the top circle. The way to the summit extends through some 4.8 km of passage and stairways.
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BalasHapusThe design of Borobudur symbolizes the conception of universe in Buddhist cosmology. It is believed that the universe is divided into three spiritual spheres, kamadhatu, rupadhatu, and arupadhatu. The first sphere, kamadhatu, represents respectively the sphere of desires where we are bound to our desires; the second sphere, rupadhatu, represents forms where we abandon our desires but are still bound to name and form; and the last sphere, arupadhatu, represents formlessness where there is no longer either name or form. Borobudur temple which is rededicated as an Indonesian monument in 1983 is a valuable treasure for Indonesian people. With its magnificent size and architecture, no wonder that Borobudur Temple includes 7 wonders of the world. Have you ever watch the cartoon movie “Kung Fu Panda”? The panda in the movie is described as a fat animal, love-noodle eater, and Kung Fu master. But the Panda that will be described below is not the Panda who can do Kung Fu like in that movie. Here is the description about Panda.
(Description)
Pandas are bear-like animal which originally live in center and western part of China. Pandas have distinguish features that make them different other species of bear. Pandas have white thick fur which covers all of their body with black eyes patches, ears, nose, legs, shoulders, and arms. Those black marks make Pandas unique and different.
Like other species of bear, pandas have a big head, a short tail, rounded ears, and a long muzzle with a big nose. However, pandas’ diet is totally different with other species of bear; in which they prefer bamboos than others. 90% of pandas’ diet consists of bamboos. That is why pandas have adapted their body to help them in eating bamboos. Pandas have a big jaw with tough muscles and strong molars to crush bamboos so they can extract the nutrients they need. (Identification)
Wakatobi is the name of an archipelago and regency in Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia. The name of Wakatobi is derived from the names of the main islands in the archipelago: Wangiwangi, Kaledupa, Tomea, and Binangko. Do you know what? It is the best diving sites ever.
(Description)
There are many reasons why I call Wakatobi as the best diving sites ever. First, the reefs in Wakatobi diving are unlike others in the region because of the dry climate and uplifted limestone. This means Wakatobi is an exceptionally clean environment due to the lack of soil erosion. Second, being a national park, fishing is strictly limited and the reefs of Wakatobi are protected. These superb reefs are supported and protected by the local fishing communities who obtain a fair share of the income generated by Wakatobi dive tourism in exchange for adopting more sustainable practices, such as leaving large stretches of reef completely untouched. Third, Wakatobi is located at the world’s coral reef triangle center with its 942 fish species and 750 coral reef species from a total of 850 world’s collection comparing to the two world’s famous diving center of the Caribbean Sea that owes only 50 species and other 300 species in the red sea. Lembah Pelangi Waterfall sounds unfamiliar for either local or foreign tourists. Lembah Pelangi Waterfall is located in Sukamaju village, Ulubelu sub district, Tanggamus district, Lampung province, Indonesia. The access to this place is quite difficult because Ulu Belu sub district is a remote area in Lampung with its hilly contours which make this tourist spot elusive.
Lembah Pelangi Waterfall has two levels where the waterfall on the second level has two branches. The height of the first level waterfall is about 100 meters, while the second level
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BalasHapuswaterfall is about dozens of meters. The best enchantment of this waterfall is the rainbow which appears between the valley and the waterfall as the name suggests. The soft flowing gurgling waterfall sounds is like a chant of nature which can remove the tiredness of the long trip to go there. Under the waterfall, there are several spots of warm water which can be an interesting spot for bathing.
In this place, you will be shown a panorama of natural beauty which is very interesting for every pair of eyes seeing it. Rocky hills accompanied by leafy trees will actually soothe both your eyes. Way Kambas National Park
Way Kambas National Park is a national park for elephant sanctuary located in Lampung precisely in the Labuhan Ratu sub district, East Lampung, Indonesia. Way Kambas National Park, established in 1985, is the first school for elephant in Indonesia. In the beginning of its establishment, Way Kambas National Park was named the Elephant Training Center / Pusat Latihan Gajah (PLG), but the last few years this name was changed into Elephant Conservation Center / Pusat Konservasi Gajah (PKG), which is expected to become a center for elephant conservation in taming, training, breeding and conserving elephants. Until now, this PKG has trained for about 300 elephants which have been deployed to all over the country.
In Way Kambas National Park, there are some endangered animals such as Sumatran Rhinos, Sumatran elephant, Sumatran tiger, Mentok Rimba, and Buaya sepit. There are also so some plants which are mostly found there such as Api-api, Pidada, Nipah, and Pandan. On the marshy coasts of Way Kambas National Park is often found various species of birds, such as, Lesser Adjutant, Pheasant Blue, Kuau Raja, Pependang Timur, and some other birds.
Lampung is not only famous for its Way Kambas National Park. One of the best tourist attractions of this province is Tanjung Setia Beach. This beach is located in the village of Tanjung Setia, West Lampung district, Lampung province. It is about 273 km or about six to seven hour driving from Bandar Lampung, the capital city of Lampung province.
This beach has not been well known by the citizens of Indonesia yet, but for the world surfers this beach is a hidden paradise for surfing. This beach is exactly laid on the track of large Indian Ocean currents that make this beach have waves which are quite perfect for surfing. The perfect wave of this beach usually lasts from June to August with the height which can reach up to six to seven meters with a 200 meters length.
In addition to perfect waves for surfing, the beach also has an ambience which is quite natural with white sand along the beach. Rows of palm tree which grow also adorn this beach. For local people, the beach area is also an ideal place for fishing. Some fish which are often obtained by the fisherman are blue marlin which is so big enough that its weight can reach up to 70 kilograms. By local residents this fish is known by the name of Iwa Tuhuk. Jakarta City
Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia. It is centrally located within the country on the northwest coast of Java Island at the mouth of the Ciliwung river. Jakarta dominates Indonesian’s administrative, economy, cultural activities, and is a major commercial and transportation hub within Asia-with a population of about 9 million, Jakarta has more people than any other cities in Indonesia.
(Jakarta adalah ibu kota dari Indonesia. Itu pusatnya terletak dalam negara itu di pantai barat laut Pulau Jawa di muara sungai Ciliwung. Jakarta mendominasi administrasi, ekonomi, kegiatan
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BalasHapusbudaya Indonesia, dan merupakan sebuah pusat komersial dan transportasi utama di Asia-dengan populasi sekitar 9 juta, Jakarta memiliki lebih banyak orang daripada kota-kota lain di Indonesia.)
The climate is hot and humid year-round. Rainfall occurs throughout the year, although it is the heaviest from November to May. To average annual precipitation in Jakarta is 1, 790 mm. The city lies on a flat, low plain and is prone to flooding during periods of heavy rainfall. Kota is city’s oldest commercial area. It is located south of the old Sunda Kelapa harbour. Glodok, the south of Kota is a banking, retail and residential neighborhood with a large Chinese population. Merdeka Square with Monas (The National Monument) dominates the city’s central district. Surrounding the square are Istana Merdeka, the presidential palace, the National Museum, and the Istiqlal Mosque.
Thanksgiving Day
Thanksgiving or Thanksgiving Day is a celebration of harvest, thankfulness for peace, and the attempt of Native Americans. It is usually celebrated in late autumn. (Thanksgiving atau Hari Thanksgiving adalah perayaan panen, syukur untuk perdamaian, dan upaya penduduk asli Amerika. Hal ini biasanya dirayakan di akhir musim gugur)
In the past, Thanksgiving was celebrated for their rich harvest in New England. In North America, however, it was originally held to thank God for their survival in the new land which was not easy for them. However, in Canada, it had been celebrated as in New England. Thanksgiving now is celebrated in United States of America and in Canada. Thanksgiving festivals are held every fourth Thursday of November in the U.S and on the second Monday of October in Canada. It is usually celebrated in four to five days in the North America and for three days in Canada. Hallo guys..
How are you today? I hope you are fine.. Oke, In this occasion, I will share example of Descriptive Text. But, do you still remember about the definition of Descriptive Text? What is Descriptive Text? yup.. Descriptive Text is a text that describe a person, place or things. Its social function is to describe a person, place or things in specific. How about the generic structure? The generic structure of descriptive text is Identification, and description…
If you write a description about one of your your friend that the name is blablabla. Then you write about his or her face, tall, age, skin, hair, etc, in detail. It means you make a Descriptive text. What you wrote is Descriptive Text. If you write about one of your cat, and you describe it features, It’s is the same.
I am sure you have understand about it. I will not explain in longger again. Now, Let’s discuss about the example of Descriptive Text. I hope you will more understand about this text after reading some example below. Oke, please read carefully and understand some example below..
Contoh Discriptive Text Singkat tentang Tabuhan Cave
If you go to Pacitan-East Java, I recommend you to visit Tabuhan Cave. Tabuhan Cave is located in a lime hill called Tapan, in Tabuhan, Wareng village, Pacitan-West Java. The route is easy. Along the road there is beautiful tropical scenery to enjoy rice fields, coconut plants and birds. In there, you will be offered extraordinary experiences from its uniqueness place, its beautiful scenery and its historical site.
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BalasHapusTabuhan Cave is a unique cave. In the cave, the visitors will be welcomed with gamelan music that is like embrace them to dace. The gamelan music is produced by the local gamelan musicians and the cave itself. Yup, it is why the cave is called Tabuhan Cave. What makes this unique is that they mix gamelan with the sounds of nature. The visitors dance, forgetting all problems. It is said that Tabuhan Cave is the only place where nature produces sounds like the music of gamelan.
Tabuhan Cave did not use to welcome visitors. Tabuhan Cave used to be a hiding place for robbers. It is also believed to be a sacred place by many people. The cave is dark, so people need lights, and a local guide will lead the way. Sometimes visitors bump their heads against the sharp rocks on the ceiling. There is a stream in the cave, in the east corner, which can only be seen outside. However, it can be heard from inside.
Inside the cave there is a plain big stone which is believed to be the prayer mat of Pangeran Diponegoro, one of the Indonesian heroes who fought against the Dutch. It is said that Pangeran Diponegoro used to seclude himself in the cave. Some people now use the place for meditation.
My Lovely Cat
I have a stray cat as my pet. He is really playful, He loved to play with me and the new things he found. He has orange and white fur, his fur is so soft and I like to rubs it for him. He has a long tail. He likes to play with it. He is also always try to catch his tail sometimes. I also like to hold him in my hand, when i hold him like that he will fall asleep.
My Dog
My dad bought me a dog on my birthday. It is a male golden retriever dog. I really love him as my pet. His name is Jiji. He has brown fur. His fur is really soft and he likes to be rubbed on his belly. He has a long tail and big body. I always take him for walk around because he really like it. Jiji is already as the part of our family.
My Rabbit
I have a rabbit. His fur is white and has black spots. He has long ears and a short tail. He also has cute red big eyes! My rabbit likes to eat carrot and other vegetables. When I release my rabbit out of his cage, he used to jump everywhere and hard to catch. So, I could just put him on his cage because I'm afraid that he might running away. I don't wanna lost my rabbit because I love him very much.
My Goldenfish
When I was going to carnival, I bought a beautiful goldenfish. He has golden-yellow colour. His head and belly is round and big. I put it on my aquarium. I love him when he's swimming, he's really cute. It is really relaxing by just seeing him swimming.
Panda
I went to the zoo yesterday and I saw panda for the first time. Panda is the very cute animal I've ever seen. It has little eyes with black spots around them. His body is black and white colored. Panda's body is almost look alike with bear. Panda looks like tame animals but it's actually not. Panda eats bamboo and they almost eat 40 kg bamboo in just one day. Panda is animal from china. I like Panda because they're cute.
Elephant
Elephant is a herbivor animal and eat all almost all of the vegetations and fruits. They have almost hairless skin, wide ears, four legs, and long trunk. Elephants is known as the largest mammals. The elephants also have very sharp auditory because they have big and wide ears. By
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BalasHapusthese ears, they can hear sounds from a distance about tens kilometer. At the back of the ears, they have one of the softest parts of their body which is called the knuckle. In a zoo, Mahouts (elephant trainers) use their feet to steer or give commands to the animal via tha knuckle. Now, they are a kind of protected animals because their population remains little in their habitat. Their population began to decline year by year.
Giraffe
Giraffes are the tallest mammals in the world. We can find them in central, eastern and southern Africa. Some of them are also kept in the zoo. A giraffe has a long neck and long legs. The long neck helps it to eat leaves from the tall trees. It pulls the leaves by its long tounge. Around his body, it has spotted patterns. “Giraffa camelopardalis” is its scientific name. On the top of its head, there are small “horns” or knobs. They are used to protect the head when fighting.
I live with my little family. It consist of four members, there are my father, my mother, my older brother, and of course I as the youngest family member.
My mother is middle-aged woman, now she is about 48 years old. Her name is Mrs. Khomariyah. She has beautiful face and black long straight hair. Her eyes just like ordinary Asian woman, black. She is a bit fat because she rarely does exercise as a busy housewife. However, she can manage her dress well, so he can keep looking good on all her dress.
My father is Mr. Jono, he is about 51 years old. Although now he isn’t young anymore but his hair still looks pretty good in black with few grey hairs. His eyes are black like most Asian, especially Indonesian people. He is relatively tall compared to all the family members, about 168cm. He is working on local wood manufacture as the manager. He works hard for his family. Sometimes he also makes tasty meal when my mother isn’t home. I love his cooking, especially the fried rice, it’s just like the yummiest fried rice I have ever tasted.
Then the next family member is my older brother, he is Wahyu Budi. Now, he is 23 years old. Just like my parent, my brother also has black eyes and black straight hair. He is taller than me, he is as tall as my father. He is quite smart, diligent, and helpful person. Now he continues his study in learning English and he hope someday can be a good teacher.
All of my family, but me, can speak both Javanese and Sundanese fluently. We had been lived in Bandung, precisely in Leuwiliang for about 6 years. Unfortunately we had to move to Surabaya for some reasons when I was 2 years old. So, if they’re talking in Sundanese I have no idea what they are talking about. Now, we have to live our life in here, my beloved city Surabaya.
My mother is a quite pretty woman. She has a proportional appearance; she isn’t tall but not too short for about 155cm. Her hair is long, a bit wavy and its color is black. She has black eyes and light brown skin. When she smiles, she looks prettier.
She is known as a nice people by people around her. She is also attractive, smart, friendly, and always try to help people around. I love her very much because she is a living figure to me to be a good person. My mom love listening to the music, especially Dangdut. Whenever she cooks in the kitchen, she always listens to the Dangdut music and sings along with it.
She is a complete person, a good mother and wife. Every day, she takes care of us with all of her warmth love. She manages the house well, keeps it clean and in good order. She doesn’t like if any stuff in our house misplaced, everything has to be where it should be placed and don’t mess around.
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BalasHapusShe spreads her smile all the time to everyone. With the smile on her face, she looks gorgeous. Behind her beauty, she is a great woman for my family. She is strong woman who help her family whenever we face a problem. Best mom ever who give all her love for her family.
My father is Yayan Hariadi. Now he is about 43 years old. My father is a good-looking person with his ideal appearances. His nose is pointed. He has thick eyebrows and oval shaped face. Her skin is dark brown since he spends a lot of time working in the field. He has strong arms and legs because he does such heavy work routinely.
He is a farmer. He manages his farm well. He plants a lot of vegetables, such as cucumber, tomato, chili, and also rice. Since we live in a good place to plant many vegetables, my father doesn’t meet any difficulties in getting a good corp. Even though many people underestimate such profession but I’m proud of him. Without farmers who produce a plenty of food to support the people, there will be a lot of people who suffer in starvation.
One of my father’s hobbies is fishing. He likes to spend a couple hours jus for waiting a fish catches his bait. Most people think it is boring, but for my father it’s like the best activity to do in his spare time. Besides that, my father love listening to the music. Traditional music is a genre he likes most, such as Campursari and Tayub. He also likes traditional puppet show or called “Wayang Kulit”. He loves local cultures. He ever said that local culture is our identity; if we lost it then we lost our identity.
He is a great man for me and my family. He can be a good father and sometimes he can take mom’s part when she is outside such as prepare the lunch, clean and manages the house. He can also be a good friend for his children. The best part when I have a conversation with him is he always can make fun joke, and that always make me laughing so hard.
I have an older brother, his name is Wahyu Riskianto. I and my older brother have couple things in common. Both of us have short straight hair. My brother and I also have the same a bit round shaped face, thin eyebrows, and black eyes' color. We both have a bit tanned skin since we like to play football together. With all those similarities plus the fact that we are just 4 years different, no wonder if many people think that we are twin.
My brother is an introvert person. He doesn’t talk too much to any person who doesn’t close enough to him. Most of his time, he spends to learn and train his skill in his hobby. He loves painting and drawing picture. Usually he draws caricature or beautiful view. I like his artworks, it is pretty colorful and attractive.
My brother is a patient and kind person, especially to me. He always helps me when I have a problem. He is quite smart person also. So, when I find some trouble in doing my school tasks, like mathematic or science, I always ask for his help. We also like to spend the time together by playing game. In short, he is the best brother in the world to me.
My little sister is Rika Suci Wardhani. I usually call her Aci. As a little girl she is very cute and adorable. The next two month she will be 5. She is the youngest of three siblings. She is a little bit fat and has chubby cheeks. She has long black and a bit wavy hair. Her eyes' color are black too and her skin is light brown. With her wide-opened eyes and chubby cheek, she makes every person want to pinch her adorable cheeks.
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BalasHapusMy sister is an active girl, she always playing all day long. Usually she plays doll with her friends. She is a kind girl, so no wonder if she has a lot of friends. She also feels curious about anything new to her, such as asking what does the sign on the street means or how rainbow happens. Sometimes all of her questions are annoying for me, but I know she is going to grow to be a smart girl. She loves to eat, especially candy and snack. That’s why she has those chubby cheeks. She likes most all food, but her favorite one is fried chicken. My mother often cooks it for her. I love my little sister very much because she is the only one annoying cute girl in my family.
Danau Toba or Toba Lake is one of the most popular destinations in Indonesia, especially in Medan, North Sumatra. Danau Toba is the largest volcanic lake in Indonesia, even in the Southeast Asia. Which make it more special is taken from the Samosir Island, an Island that settled in the middle of the lake.
Lake Toba is an area of 1,707 km², we can say that this is 1,000 km² bigger than Singapore. It formed by a gigantic volcanic eruption some 70,000 years ago, it is probably the largest resurgent caldera on Earth. Pulau Samosir or Samosir Island, The island in the middle, was joined to the caldera wall by a narrow isthmus, which was cut through to enable boats to pass; a road bridge crosses the cutting. Samosir island is the cultural centre of the Batak tribe, the indigenous from North Sumatra.
By the eruption of a super volcano (Mount Toba) was estimated to have caused mass death and extinction of several species of living creatures. The eruption of Mount Toba has led to changes in the earth’s weather and the start into the ice age that affects the world civilization.
Lake Toba is actually more like a sea than a lake considering its size. Therefore, the Lake placed as the largest lake in Southeast Asia and the second largest in the world after Lake Victoria in Africa. Lake Toba is also includes the deepest lake in the world, which is approximately 450 meters.
Borobudur is the biggest Buddhist temple in the ninth century measuring 123 x 123 meters. It is located at Magelang, 90-km southeast of Semarang, or 42-km northwest of Yogyakarta. Borobudur temple is the one of the best-preserved ancient monument in Indonesia that are most frequently visited by over a million domestic as well as foreign visitors. It also had been acclaimed by the world as a cultural heritage main kind. The architectural style has no equal through out the world. It was completed centuries before Angkor Wat in Kamboja.
Borobudur is one of the world’s most famous temples; it stands majestically on a hilltop overlooking lush green fields and distant hills. Borobudur is built of gray andesite stone. It rises to seven terraces, each smaller than the one below it. The top is the Great Stupa, standing 40 meters above the ground. The walls of the Borobudur are sculptured in bas-reliefs extending over a total length of six kilometers. It has been hailed as the largest and most complete ensemble of Buddhist relieves in the world, unsurpassed in artistic merit and each scene an individual masterpiece. Borobudur temple built in the eighth century by the Cailendra dynasty, is believed to have been derived from the Sanskrit words “Vihara Buddha Uhr” the Buddhist Monastery on the hill. Borobudur is a terraced temple surmounted by stupas, or stone towers; the terraces resemble Indonesian burial foundations, indicating that Borobudur was regarded as the symbol of the final resting place of its founder, a Syailendra, who was united after his death with the Buddha. The
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BalasHapusPrambanan temple complex is also associated with a dead king.
The inscription of 856 mentions a royal funeral ceremony and shows that the dead king had joined Shiva, just as the founder of the Borobudur monument had joined the Buddha. Divine attributes, however, had been ascribed to kings during their lifetimes. A Mahayana inscription of this period shows that a ruler was said to have the purifying powers of a bodhisattva, the status assumed by the ruler of Shrivijaya in the 7th century; a 9th-century Shaivite inscription from the Kedu Plain describes a ruler as being “a portion of Shiva.”
The Borobudur was in danger of collapsing as its stone statues and stone cancer, moss and lichen affected bas-reliefs. But, the monument has been completely restored and was officially opened by the President on 23rd February 1983. The restoration took eight years to complete, funded by the Government of Indonesia with aid from the UNESCO and donations from private citizens as well as from foreign governments.
The visitors have the option of going by taxi or public bus to reach this temple. Public transportation is available from the bus terminal. From that point visitors can hire becaks or horse carts, or walk the rest of the way to the monument. A large parking area is available not far from the monument, so private cars and buses can park in this area. I live in a small house, it has five rooms : there are two bedrooms , a living room, a bath room, and a kitchen. I like to live in there.
when the door is open, I can see the living room. it is small with only three chairs and a table, nothing else. I prefer reading a novel in this room.
My bedroom is in the left side of the living room. in this living room there is a night table next to the bed, a tv, a radio and a computer when being board of reading, I usually play online games or chat with my friends via facebook and so on.
I know it is very small house, but I love it so much. My Mom
My mother is a very beautiful woman. Her tall is about 165 cm and her weight is about 55 kg. She has a black and shiny curly hair. She also has a pointed nose and a dimple that makes her beautiful. Her eyes are brown like my eyes. My mother has a light brown skin color like most common women in Indonesia. Her red lips and white teeth combine to form a beautiful smile. My mom is not fat and skinny too. I think her body is pretty proportional.
She is a very nice, a friendly, and a patient woman. My mom loves her family so much. She is the best mother in the world. She plays her role as a housewife nicely. She never forgets her responsibilities as a mother. Although she is very busy at work, she never forgets her family. My mom really loves cleanliness. She always keeps her home clean and healthy. Besides being a good mom, she is the greatest chef who ever existed. She is very smart to make a tasty food. I loved food made by her especially her fried chicken.
My mom is also good with others. She is happy to help friends and neighbors who are in trouble. Because she has a very high social soul, my mom always takes pity on people who need help. My mother is so disciplined with religion. She is very diligent in worship and always reminds us to continue praying to god. There are still a lot of things that I could not say about my mother because I think my mother is a perfects mom for myself and my family. I wish I could find a mother like her for my children in the future. Identification I have to pick up someone today at
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BalasHapusthe airport. He is from Australia. His name is George. I never meet him before and I do not have his picture. So, I prepare a small board and write his name. I will bring that at the airport. I hope George will find me.
Description Before his flight, he informed that he wore black shirt, blue jeans, and red shoes. He also brought a big orange bag. What I had known from him is that he has 190 cm tall, thin body, his hair is red, and he has thick mustache. Identification
One day I went to a haunted house at the one of tourism place at my city. Of course it was not a real haunted house, but only a creation of a room with horror atmosphere.
That haunted house always made me curious to go inside and see because many people was screaming when entering it.
Description
I decided to buy the ticket and see inside. I wanted to feel the horror.
The room was dark, only using a few thematic lighting focused in specific spots which the ghost properties were displayed. The room was also divided into 4 parts with different theme of horror.
Every visitor would be entering all parts to find the exit and no one can be out of that room except by passing through the exit door.
At the first-third part of that room I only saw any kinds of scary display using the theme of ghost, there were some fake ghost made form dolls, fake cemeteries and some old furniture which made us imagine about the ghost.
At the last part of that room there were a lot of actors who wore any kinds of ghost costume and make up. They were moving around and shocked the visitor. This part was the best one that impressed people about the fear of the haunted house.
Contoh Deskripsi Benda Dalam Bahasa Inggris – Buku
contoh deskripsi benda dalam bahasa inggris - buku
via pinterest.com
Identification
A have a book which I bought last year. The book is a novel which titled The Story of An Idiot. I love that book because when I read it I get not only knowledge but also entertainment.
Unfortunately I had loss this book. I guess I lose it at Tugu Station during my trip in Yogyakarta. It was difficult to get that book because I never found it at the book store. I got it at the street book seller in London.
Description
The colour of the book’s cover is dominated in red. The picture of that cover is a young man in a black jacket walking through the bridge.
At the first page of that book, I wrote my name and my email address. I also draw a simple rat at the corner of the first page. I always do the same thing to all my books because I hope if I loss my book, someone who found it would give it back to me.
The book is written in English. The author of that book is Joseph J Joseph. It is a strange name but cool enough for the name of a novel author.
The total pages of that book are 125 pages which are divided into 6 parts. At the back of the cover is actually the short summary of that book, but I changed it by sticking the picture of a monkey on it.
Deskripsi Orang Dalam Bahasa Inggris - Jono
deskripsi orang dalam bahasa inggris - jono
via kapanlagi.com
Identification
I have a school friend that most people hate him. His name is Jono. He is the son of the headmaster of my school. That is one of the reason many people at school dislike him.
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But overall, he has a bad attitude. But however, he is kind to me because one day, at the first day of the school, I was helping him repairing his motorcycle even we did not know each other.
Description
His physical appearance is not bad. Let say, he is a handsome teenager who can easily get girlfriend. He has a tall and athletic body. He has a pointed nose, white skin, bright eyes, and straight hair.
He always wear cool sweater despite of the uniform. At a glance, he seems like a Korean movie star. Unfortunately, and most people thanks of that, he is so stupid and seems like does not have a brain.
He also has a lot of money and also the most powerful person in school due to the power of his father. Because of that he is so arrogant and frequently disturbs other people in school. He never gets punishment even he does a lot of bad things in school.
That is why people hate him most. Identification
My Junior High school’s building is not too far from my home. I usually go there by riding bicycle. I only need around 5-7 minutes to get there.
Aside from daily routine in school which start from 7 a.m. until 1 p.m., at the afternoon I also go there to play or just to see basketball exercising.
Description
My school is not to big like the other school which has football field and auditorium. The main building only has 16 rooms.
Each grade is divided into 8 classes, so that because the school only has 16 rooms, the first grade starts the class at 1 p.m. until 5 p.m.; the morning class is only for second and third grade.
In addition to that, my school has also one basketball court, one lab, one hall which we call pendopo, one mosque, one canteen, teacher’s room, toilets and parking area.
One place that I love most at school is the bench near a small pond. At the break time, I always sit at that bench and see the fish swimming.
Contoh Descriptive Text Animal - Komodo
contoh descriptive text animal - komodo
via telegraph.co.uk
Identification
Komodo is the biggest lizard in the world. Some people say it is a dragon and the scientists say that komodo is one of the ancient animals which survive until today.
The original home of that dragon is Komodo Island, Indonesia. But, we can see this awesome animal at the zoo. I guest every zoo in this world should has this animal.
Description
Komodo is structurally not too different with the other lizard family but because the shape is so big then this animal is also known as the king of lizard. Komodo grows at the maximum length of 3 meters with 70-80 kilograms weight.
Komodo is a venomous lizard that hunts any other animal such as birds, and mammals.
When it bites the other animal, at first the victim would run away and death somewhere. But after that, komodo would find it because it has tongue and sense of smell to detect the carrion.
Even it has only single ear bone and bad sight, but using the tongue and the smell sense it can find the carrion at the radius of 9, 5 km.
Komodo is a dangerous animal which can attack and kill human if there is no other food to eat. Even this lizard prefers hot and dry place such as grassland, savanna and forest to stay, but it also can swim at the sea and eat some carrions at the beach.
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BalasHapusIdentification
I have a little Brazilian turtle. I got it when I was fishing at the river near my home.
Normally, there is no that kind of turtle at that river. I guess the turtle was belonged to somebody before it escaped. That was my lucky day because I found it.
Description
Looking at the size of the turtle, the age is around a year. The colour is still yellowish green. Baby Brazilian turtle has green colour and the colour will slowly change along its growth.
That turtle is a kind of water turtle but sometimes it stays at dry place for a while. Thus, this turtle which is known as red-eared slider is a semiaquatic turtle.
A give it the name Kukurara. I keep it at my pond and it seems like happy living there with my fish. Sometimes it is swimming around but sometimes it does not move at all on the stone in the middle of the pond.
I don’t really understand the right way to take care of turtle. As long as it wants to eat, I think it will survive.
Contoh Descriptive Text About Place - Prambanan Temple
contoh descriptive text about place - prambanan temple
via timetravelturtle.com
Identification
For anyone who likes history, Prambanan temple is the historical tourism place that must be visited.
The location is in Yogyakarta, around 10 minutes from Adisucipto Airport. Spending Rp. 40.000,- we can explore around it all the day we want to enjoy the beauty, take some picture and learn something historical about it.
Description
Prambanan temple is the biggest Hindu temple site in Asia. The building was completed in the mid-9th century during the regime of Sanjaya Dynasty. The history explains that Rakai Pikatan is the one who initiated the building of that giant temple.
The original name of Prambanan temple is Shivagrha because the temple was built to dedicate to the God of Shiva.
Equal with Borobudur temple, the Prambanan temple at every main building recognizes the three world hierarchy which spanned from the lower world to the holiest place.
At the first level of the building symbolizes the lowest realm of the world. It is called Bhurloka or the world in which human being are still bound by their desire, lust, sins, and unholy way of life or stupidity.
The middle level is Bhuvarloka, that is the world of enlighten where human learn to see the truth or living in the holy way.
The top level is Svarloka or the highest and the holiest world. This is the place for people who already get the perfection of life.
Contoh Descriptive Text Tentang Tempat Wisata - Bromo
contoh descriptive text tentang tempat wisata - bromo
via pinterest.com
Identification
Bromo is one of mountains in Java that is known around the world. As one of the special tourism places in Java, Bromo Mountain is not only rich of its natural beauty but also in harmony with the local people around it.
In Bromo, the visitors can enjoy both the beauty of the nature and also the culture in that area because Bromo is not simply a mountain but also an important place for ritual ceremony of Hindu.
Description
Located around 2,5 hours from Malang city, Bromo is one of active volcano mountain which is a part of the Bromo Tengger Semeru National park.
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The beauty of Bromo can be seen clearly from the top of Penanjakan Mountain which is close to Bromo and has higher level (2,770 meters). Bromo itself is only 2,392 meters.
Even Bromo is not too high volcano mountain, but the history of the eruption was so dramatic. The sands around it which people called the sea of sands (segara wedi) are the proof that this mountain had ever been killing the life surrounded that area.
The name of Bromo is taken from the name one of the God of Hindu, Brahma.
People of Tengger has a myth about that mountain that makes it has mystical nuance. But it is more than myth as long as people still believe that by creating Kasada festival every year, they express their gratitude to God in a symbolic way by throwing vegetables, cattle, and also money as an offering in the Bromo’s crater.
via pinterest.com
Identification
I have a very kind friend. His name is Anggit but I usually call him Gedheg, a Javanese term which refers to the person who always shakes his head all the time.
Yes is true, Gedheg often shakes his head because he had it as the symptom of his traumatic experience.
Description
Gedheg is now 29 years old. He is a strong person who prefers coffe than breakfast before starting to work. Usually we work together in one project.
He is not a quick learner but once he knows something he will remember it forever. Because of that he can do the same kind of job quickly and the result is perfect.
He likes fishing so much but he is never lucky. In this case, he is not smart at all. He thinks that fishing is a case of luckiness, but he is totally wrong. It needs good technique and strategy to get the fish we want.
The last time we fished together he got a huge branch of some tree and after that he never fish anymore.
Contoh Descriptive Text Tentang Artis - Vincent Willem Van Gogh
contoh descriptive text tentang artis - vincent willem van gogh
via pinterest.com
Identifikasi
What I mean about artist in this case is different from celebrity which is understood by most Indonesian people as an artist too.
Talking about artist I always remember the name of Vincent Willem Van Gogh who is a very famous painter who never enjoys the glory of his art works which the prices are so fantastic. The art works of Van Gogh became famous after his death.
Deskripsi
Van Gogh was a Dutch painter that was classified as a post-impressionist painter. He was born on March 30, 1853 in Zundert, Netherlands and died on 29 July in Auvers-sur-Oise, France.
At his life time, he was stated as a stupid person who tried and failed to learn painting. Not only that, he was totally poor and suffered.
At first, he failed in love and thus made him suffered in life. He failed to be anything like normal people. His failure in love broke his mental and confidence.
Before he became a painter, or let say liked painting, he was a protestant missionary in Southern Belgium.
His duty was in the coal mine and there he saw the truth about suffering and the truth about his own God. Seeing human suffer he also wanted to experience the same in the name of humanity.
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BalasHapusHe lost his faith and started to paint.
Traveling from one place to another, Van Gogh lived in poverty. His life was spent to paint even people said that his art work was a bad art.
He also suffered from psychotic and delusion. At the last time of his life, he was at the mental hospital, Auvers-sur-Oise, France. He was depressed and finally shot himself and died two days after that.
After his death and the popularity of the discourse on madness, especially the knowledge of the psychotic, his painting became popular and categorized as a high art of post-impressionist painting.
Unfortunately, Van Gogh never knew that the prices of his painting are now billions. Identification
I see that mysterious person at every morning walking in front of my home in this last two weeks.
I never see him before. Perhaps he is a new comer in this village. He always walks slowly with his two big Doberman dogs as he seems like having a total control of his dogs.
Description
He is big and tall man with a long hair and full body tattoo on his skin. I think anybody will be afraid of him. He always uses single shirt and shorts and also black sports shoes when he is walking around with his dog.
Usually, he is passing in front of my home around 6 in the morning. He always using headset and put his i-phone or something like mp3 players in his pocket shorts.
Contoh Descriptive Text Tentang Kucing Persia
contoh descriptive text tentang kucing persia
via pinterest.com
Identification
My neighbour has a beautiful Persian cat. He gives a name Momo for that cat.
Everyday, I can see that cat walking through my wall fence. Sometimes it sits for a few times seeing something under the wall before it suddenly run away to catch it.
Description
The colour of that cat is all white. It has long hair. If I see it deeply, it has a round face and short muzzle. Its face is actually so scary because its eyes and nose is black. It reminds me about the ghost with black face in white cloth.
My neighbour says that the price of it is so expensive. Every week he has to go to the pet shop to take care of his cat.
That cat eats special foot for cat. My neighbour never gives it any kind of human food for it in which local cat can eat that.
It is a male Persian cat. My neighbour doesn’t have the female one so that that cat is alone at that house. Because of the shape is bigger than local cat, therefore there is no local cat stay close to it even the female one.
Contoh Descriptive Text Tentang Ibu
contoh descriptive text tentang ibu
via pinterest.com
Identification
My mother is a great and strong woman. She is the only one who has been taking care of me since I was a baby. She never stops to love me and also the whole of the family.
Description
My mother is an elementary teacher. She has been working in an elementary school in our village for around 30 years. She will be a pension in the next tree mounts when she will be exactly 58 years old.
Even she is now old enough, but she still has the will to do something to get money. After the end of her duty, she will once again start the business opening a small restaurant like she ever did 6 years ago.
At the past time, she stopped her business because she used to sell the restaurant to pay off the debt after the collapse of my father business.
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As long as I know my mother, she never cries or has angry feeling. She always happy all the time to make the other people around her has the same feeling. She always helped people even she did not know them. Because of that, many people know my mother.
As a teacher, she also loves to teach children at the afternoon in home. Whenever her students have some problems with the lesson, she would ask them to come to home at the afternoon to get lesson for free.
I’m so proud of my mother. I hope someday I can do the same thing like her to be a strong person to help the others.
Contoh Descriptive Text Tentang Teman yang Menyebalkan
contoh descriptive text tentang teman yang menyebalkan
via pinterest.com
Identification
I have a strange friend. I knew him on one unfortunate event where he was introduced by my other friend to me. At first, he was like a usual person but lately he seems like an annoying person.
Description
What makes me feel uncomfortable about him is that he always meets me at the wrong time.
For example at the night he came to my place for sharing something not important. Of course I can say that I want to get sleep or I want to do my work because it seemed that he wanted to ask for help.
What he had talked was about whether God is exists or not or something mystical and I don’t have any interest about it.
At first time he did that thing, I still could give a good response as the way to appreciate my friend. But he did the same at the next time again and again.
It was too worst when he came to my place while I still have an important conversation with another people and he suddenly interrupted my conversation with some stupid theme or question like “why does Plato think about human?” Oh my God, I really don’t understand about this man.
Finally I decided to stay away from him. I start to refuse his coming, I never answer his stupid question, and I warn my other friend to think twice before starting to close to him.
Lately I know that everybody dislike him for the same reason. I know that he was a lonely person and need a friend to talk. But, what can I do, he never learn even I had criticized him about his uncomfortable attitude.
Contoh Descriptive Text Tentang Idola - Johnny Depp
contoh descriptive text tentang idola - johnny depp
via twitter.com
Identification
Talking about idol, I have an idol too. He is John Christopher Depp II or Johnny Depp. He is an actor, musician and also a producer.
What makes me amaze with him is his action in the movie Pirates of the Caribbean. After seeing that movie, I also search for his another movie. From watching his action in different movies, I can see that he is a great actor.
Description
Depp was born on June 9, 1963 in Owensboro, Kentucky, U.S. He is now 54 years old. He started his career on movie in 1984.
His first movie is A nightmare on Elm Street and his last movie is Untitled Fantastic Beast Sequel that would be released in 2018.
A long his life, he had been an actor in 48 movies. It means that he had been playing more than
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BalasHapus40 characters during his life. Thus, seeing his achievement, he is proper to be the winner of the Golden Globe Award and Screen Actors Guild Award for the best actor.
Before he became a famous actor, Depp was a musician. The first genre he played was rock music. He is good in playing guitar and writing songs.
A long his life, he wrote so many songs for bands, solo vocalist or for movie such as Sweeney Todd.
Identification
I have a funny doll. It is a doll that is made by my wife. We call it Bunny.
After we have a baby, we give that doll to our son. He likes it so much. My baby plays with that doll every time he wakes up from sleep. He always makes unidentified conversation with that doll.
Description
The doll is design as a rabbit with human body. The colour is white and the head is brown. It has long hands and feet. The ears are long too. When it is shaken, the hands and the feet can move in funny ways.
The doll is 70 cm long from head to foot. The body is in a shape of triangle. Therefore it seems like a lady Bunny with wide hip.
One day my baby held Bunny’s hand and swung it too hard for several times. The result is that the Bunny’s hand was broken and separated from the body. That doll was looked terrible. My baby was afraid of it and did not want to play with it anymore until my wife fixed it again.
Contoh Descriptive Text Tentang Teman Sebangku - Mijat
contoh descriptive text tentang teman sebangku - mijat
via pinterest.com
Identification
At Senior High School, I have a seatmate name Mijat. His complete name is Mijatmiko but I just call him Mijat.
He is more than a seatmate but a brother. We always help each other, hangout together, make a trouble together. What we never do is studying together as we are bad boys who hate studying.
Description
Mijat is a year older than me. He is also taller and bigger than me. His hair is curly that is cut in a short model. His head is looked big with oval face. He is Javanese but his eyes are like Chinese and he also has white skin.
Mijat is a calm person that rarely to be angry except he knows that his friends get beaten by someone or some group of students. He is a brave man that prefers to fight rather than forgive if he is in trouble.
It is true, outside the school he is the member of a gangster. But nobody in school knows about it because he is known by people as a friendly person to anybody, funny, and also helpful.
He only afraid of 3 things in his life as long as i know him, those are his parents, ghost, and the last is approaching a girl.
He is very nervous when he falls in love and wants to meet the girl he loves. In fact, he is handsome enough and some girls in school want to be his girlfriend.
I know it because most of them always ask me something about him. I had told him about it but he is always nervous when he hears about it. Because of that, during in school, he never has a girlfriend.
Contoh Descriptive Text Tentang Benda Kesayangan - Joran
contoh descriptive text tentang benda kesayangan - joran
via pinterest.com
Identification
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The thing of mine that I love most is my fishing rod. I have 5 fishing rods and only one is my favourite. That fishing rod is a gift from my brother after he back from Japan.
I don’t know why but when I use that Japanese fishing rod I always get a lot of fish. I think that fishing rod is a carrier of luck. My brother said that before it is mine, the fishing road belongs to an old Japanese fisherman.
Description
It is 4.5 metres long of carbon fishing rod that is originally made in Japan. The colour is brown and black. The handle is easy to grip and even it is a long fishing rod but it is not heavy like my other fishing rod. The weight is no more than 0.2 kg. It is very well to be used to fish at a wide river or lake.
Some people always ask me about where did i buy that fishing rod and I said that it is given and originally from Japan.
Often they try to buy my fishing rod with high price but I never accept it. I will never sell my fishing rod because I always lucky to fish using it. Borobudur Temple
Borobudur temple is one of the most beautiful tourist resorts in Indonesia. It is situated in central Java. Borobudur temple is one of the seven wonders of the world which needs to be preserved its circumstances. The people all over the world know that Borobudur is one of the greatest art works that ever known since long time ago.
Borobudur temple was built by Syailendra Dynasty during the eighth century. It needed more than two million river stones. It is the biggest temple in the world.
After going into some restorations, Borobudur is visited by more and more tourists, both domestic and foreign tourists. Most of them admire Borobudur temple because of its beauty, its elegance and the story of the relief on its walls.
Domestic tourists usually go there by bus or private cars, while foreign tourists like to join travel bureau because they don’t need to think of the transportation, accommodation, and itinerary. There are some money changers around the location. It makes them easier to change their money. But some of them like to bring credit cards and checks. The Eiffel Tower
The Eiffel Tower is an iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris. Built in 1889, it has become both a global icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world. The tower is the tallest building in Paris and the most-visited paid monument in the world; millions of people ascend it every year.
Named for its designer, engineer Gustave Eiffel, the tower was built as the entrance arch to the 1889 World's Fair.The tower stands 324 metres (1,063 ft) tall, about the same height as an 81-story building. Upon its completion, it surpassed the Washington Monument to assume the title of tallest man-made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years, until the Chrysler Building in New York City was built in 1930; however, due to the addition in 1957 of the antenna, the tower is now taller than the Chrysler Building. Not including broadcast antennas, it is the second-tallest structure in France after the 2004 Millau Viaduct.
The tower has three levels for visitors. Tickets can be purchased to ascend, by stairs or lift, to the first and second levels. The walk to the first level is over 300 steps, as is the walk from the first to the second level. The third and highest level is accessible only by elevator. Both the first and second levels feature restaurants.
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BalasHapusThe tower has become the most prominent symbol of both Paris and France, often in the establishing shot of films set in the city. Monas National Monument
The National Monument, or "Monas" as it is popularly called, is one of the monuments built during the Sukarno era of fierce nationalism. The top of the National Monument (Monas) is Freedom Square. It stands for the people's determination to achieve freedom and the crowning of their efforts in the Proclamation of Independence in August 1945. The 137-meter tall marble obelisk is topped with a flame coated with 35 kg of gold. The base houses a historical museum and a hall for meditations. The monument is open to the public and upon request the lift can carry visitors to the top, which offers a bird's eye view on the city and the sea.
Go early to beat the crowds and the haze. It is easy for the less physically able as lifts take visitors to the top. The diorama exhibition in the basement gives such a distorted view of Indonesian history.
This imposing obelisk is Jakarta's most famous landmark. Construction started in 1961 under President Soekarno but was not completed until 1975, under President Soeharto. The monument houses a couple of museums. The Freedom Hall depicts Indonesia's struggle for independence through a series of dioramas, whereas the Hall of Contemplation displays the original Declaration of Independence document and a recording of the speech. Way Kambas National Park
Way Kambas National Park is a national park for elephant sanctuary located in Lampung precisely in the Labuhan Ratu sub district, East Lampung, Indonesia. Way Kambas National Park, established in 1985, is the first school for elephant in Indonesia. In the beginning of its establishment, Way Kambas National Park was named the Elephant Training Center / Pusat Latihan Gajah (PLG), but the last few years this name was changed into Elephant Conservation Center / Pusat Konservasi Gajah (PKG), which is expected to become a center for elephant conservation in taming, training, breeding and conserving elephants. Until now, this PKG has trained for about 300 elephants which have been deployed to all over the country.
In Way Kambas National Park, there are some endangered animals such as Sumatran Rhinos, Sumatran elephant, Sumatran tiger, Mentok Rimba, and Buaya sepit. There are also so some plants which are mostly found there such as Api-api, Pidada, Nipah, and Pandan. On the marshy coasts of Way Kambas National Park is often found various species of birds, such as, Lesser Adjutant, Pheasant Blue, Kuau Raja, Pependang Timur, and some other birds. .. Pink Beach
Pink Beach or Pantai Merah Muda is one of the beaches in Komodo island, East Nusa Tenggara. The beach is called Pink Beach because the sand beach is pink. The pink color of its beach is a mixture of white sand beach colors mixed with crushed coral, shells, calcium carbonate from marine invertebrates that are very small, and also Foraminifera, microscopic amoeba that has a red body shell.
At Pink Beach, there are so many marine organisms. No fewer than 1,000 species of fish, 260 species of coral, and 70 species of sponge can be found here. Having so much marine life, this place is a proper spot for snorkeling and diving for sea sports lovers.
I have a stray cat as my pet. He is really playful, He loved to play with me and the new things he found. He has orange and white fur, his fur is so soft and I like to rubs it for him. He has a long
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BalasHapusI have a stray cat as my pet. He is really playful, He loved to play with me and the new things he found. He has orange and white fur, his fur is so soft and I like to rubs it for him. He has a long tail. He likes to play with it. He is also always try to catch his tail sometimes. I also like to hold him in my hand, when i hold him like that he will fall asleep. Eiffel tower is one of the most famous buildings in the world. Every day, there are hundreds of tourists visiting to enjoy all the beauty in every side of it. The tower was built by an engineer named Gustave Eiffel and became an important monument to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the French revolution.
The French government opened the tower on March 31, 1889 and since that time, the Eiffel Tower became an icon for the city of Paris and France.
Eiffel is also known as La Tour Eiffel or La Dame De Fer which means as iron lady. Known as the iron lady because this is a building that is so graceful and beautiful. Then the building is also strong because of the legs supported by iron.
Eiffel reaches 984 feet and when completed, it became the highest monument passed the Washington Monument. Eiffel holded the highest title after 1930 when the Chrysler Building built in New York.
However, the Eiffel Tower remained the highest in Paris and until now, there are more than 200 million people have visited it since opened.
To enjoy the Eiffel Tower, visitors can climb using the stairs or the elevator. In addition to getting awesome scenery, they can also enjoy the delicious dishes of Paris through romantic restaurants in the tower.
You need to know a unique fact, that the tower is considered as an eyesore for the people of France when it freshly made. When Eiffel was built in 1889, the tower was intended as a temporary building and will be demolished 20 years later. However, when it was useful as radio transmitters, it eventually still be allowed to stand.
To build it, the French government had to use 18,000 pieces of iron and more than 2 million nails. Although it was very risky, but the development kept to be continued.
Today, it has been regarded as one of the most beautiful architectural works in the world. Besides its use as a tourist attraction, the building is also a communication tool for sending signals to radio and television. Carpenter ants get their name because they build their nests in wood. This pest can cause significant damage to your house. There are many types of carpenter ants. measuring in size from one-quarter inch (about the width of a pencil) for a worker carpenter ant to three-quarters of an inch (about the size of a quarter) for a queen carpenter ant. Each colony is established by a single, fertilized queen. She starts her nest in a cavity in wood, where she raises her first brood of workers. She feeds them saliva and does not leave the nest or feed herself during this time. When they are ready, those workers then get the job of gathering food to feed the next generation. Once mature, this first generation of worker ants work to increase the food supply for the colony. The colony population grows very rapidly. A colony can eventually produce 2,000 or more workers. Carpenter ants do not eat the wood they remove during their nest-building activities, but deposit it outside entrances to the colony in small piles. The diet of carpenter ants includes living and dead insects, meat, fats and sugary foods of all kinds, including honeydew
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BalasHapusand nectar from plants. Carpenter ants build nests anywhere they can find water and moldy or damp wood, such as tree stumps, firewood or in the plants around your house. Carpenter ants also build nests inside, usually entering buildings through wet, damaged wood, although it isn’t uncommon for them to adapt to drier environments. Carpenter ants don’t carry disease, but when building a nest inside a home, Carpenter ants dig smooth tunnels inside the wood. These tunnels weaken the wood and potentially damage the wood that keeps the house standing. This kind of damage can be very expensive to fix. Contoh Report Text Tentang Ikan Hiu Putihthe great white shark Few creatures strike more fear in humans than the great white shark. In reality, great white shark attacks on humans are rare – and it is even rarer for one of these attacks to be fatal. However, the size of the great white shark and its efficiency as a predator add to the perpetuation of this unnecessary fear. The great white shark averages 4.5 m (15 ft.) in length, but some have been recorded as large as 6 m (20 ft.) long! They generally weigh up to 2250 kg (5000 lb.). Great white sharks are blue-gray on the dorsal, or top, part of their bodies. This helps them blend in with the bottom of the ocean when viewed from above. The belly, or ventral, part of the body, is white. This makes it difficult to see the sharks from below, with sunlight shining in around them. They have strong, torpedo-shaped bodies and powerful tails that help them swim. Great whites can reach speeds up to 24 km/hr (15 mph). Great whites use their speed and coloring to help them hunt. They search for prey at the surface of the ocean while swimming below. Once they spot a target, they use a burst of speed to bump their prey while simultaneously biting it. They have several rows of teeth that can number into the thousands. As teeth fall out, they are rapidly replaced by those in the row behind them. These sharp, serrated teeth can be devastating. A single, large bite can be fatal. When great white sharks are young, they feed on smaller prey, like fish and rays. As they grow larger, they feed more exclusively on marine mammals, such as sea lions, seals and small whales. The great white is at the top of the food chain and has few threats in the ocean. Only orcas and larger sharks can pose a risk. The only other risk to the great white shark is human interaction. They are sometimes caught by accident in fishing nets or intentionally sought out by sport fisherman. Their jaws and fins are sold for considerable amounts of money. Not much is known about the mating habits of great white sharks. What is known is that after mating the female develops several eggs which hatch in her womb. The newly-hatched shark pups feed on unfertilized eggs in the womb as they develop before being born. In general, the mother gives birth to a litter of two to ten pups, each of which average 1.5 m (5 ft.) in length. Male great whites reach maturity at 9-10 years of age. Females mature even later, between 14 and 16 years of age. Female sharks are thought to give birth once every couple years, but even that is uncertain. Great whites spend their time in temperate waters all over the world, although they have been known to make brief trips into colder water in the north. They live in the upper part of the ocean, towards the surface, and close to the shore, where sunlight shines through and prey is available. Contoh Report Text Tentang Beruang KutubPolar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Polar bearPolar bears, or “sea bears,” are the world’s largest land predators, weighing up to 600 kg (1300 lb.) and measuring up to 3 m (10 ft.) tall. On average they live to be about 25 years old, reaching sexual maturity at around 4 years.
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BalasHapusAlthough they appear white or yellow in color, their fur is actually clear and hollow, and their skin is black. Their visibly pale coloring is caused by the reflection and scattering of light. Inhabiting the ice and sea of the Arctic, polar bears are well-equipped for survival in a harsh environment. Two coats of fur and a thick layer of blubber help insulate the polar bear’s body from the cold, keeping its temperature at an even 37° C (98.6° F). In addition, polar bears’ paws are especially adapted for walking on the ice and swimming in the sea. Hairs and bumps on the soles of their feet provide traction, while webbing between their toes allows for effective swimming strokes. Polar bears are also equipped with strong noses. They use their powerful sense of smell when hunting for seals, their main source of food. They can smell a seal’s breathing hole, or aglu, up to one mile away. Once located, a polar bear will wait patiently by the hole and attack the seal’s head when it comes up for air. In ideal hunting conditions, the bear will just eat the seal fat, leaving the carcass for other animals. However, when food is scarce, polar bears will eat just about anything. Supplemental foods include walruses, short-legged reindeer, birds, bird eggs, kelp, and beached whales. When in proximity to human settlements, they have even been known to eat garbage such as Styrofoam. Polar bear cubsPolar bears do not hibernate like other bears, but females do enter into a dormant state while pregnant. After mating in the spring, a female polar bear spends the summer ingesting large amounts of food and building a maternity den in a snow drift to prepare for the arrival of her cubs. In the fall, she enters into a dormant state, remaining this way even as she gives birth. The litter, usually two cubs, will spend two years with their mother learning essential hunting and survival skills. Contoh Report Text Tentang ZebraPlains Zebra Black and white stripes make the zebra one of the most recognizable animals in the world. The plains zebra, also known as the common zebra, is the most abundant of three species of zebra, inhabiting the grasslands of eastern and southern Africa. The other two species are Grevy’s zebras and mountain zebras. On average, plains zebras are smaller than the other two species of zebra. They range in height from 1-1.5 m (3.5-5 ft.) and can weigh almost 450 kg (1000 lbs.). Plains zebras also have a different stripe pattern than the other species. They have broad stripes that run horizontally towards the back and vertically towards the front, meeting in a triangle in the middle of their bodies. They also have a stripe that runs down the center of their backs onto the tail. Finally, plains zebras have underbelly stripes. Although all plains zebras share these similarities in stripe patterns, no two zebras have exactly the same pattern. Zebras have very good hearing and eyesight, which helps them stay clear of predators such as lions, hyenas, and cheetahs. It also helps that they can run 56 km/h (35 mph) and pack a powerful kick. If one zebra spots a predator, it lets out a sharp two-syllable call. The young and female zebras run, while the males trail behind to defend them. If one is attacked, others circle around to help protect it from predators. Plains zebras are herbivores, meaning they eat plants. They spend the majority of their day eating, mostly grazing on grass, but also eating leaves and stems. To keep up with the frequent grinding of these foods, zebras’ back teeth continue to grow throughout their lives. Zebras are known to travel great distances to find food and water when the dry season arrives. When not eating or traveling, zebras do take the opportunity to sleep. In fact, they sleep standing up! But zebras only sleep when they are in large
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BalasHapusgroups so that they can be alerted of danger. A typical plains zebra family consists of a male, called a stallion, several females, called mares, and their children. When a female becomes pregnant, it takes 13 months to have the baby, called a foal. These family groups are called harems. The harems will often join with other families to form large herds. Zebras can live up to 25 years in the wild. Contoh Report Text Tentang Kura-Kura HijauGreen Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas) When born, green sea turtles are only 5 cm (2 in) long. But they grow up to 1.5 meters (5 ft) in length and can weigh over 300 kg (700 lbs), making them the largest of the hardshell sea turtles. The dorsal shell of the green turtle, or carapace, is wide, smooth, and brownish-olive in color. The underside of the shell, or plastron, is yellow. Green sea turtles are so named for the greenish hue of their skin. They have heads that cannot retract into their bodies, a trait commonly associated with turtles. Reaching speeds of up to 56 km/h (35 mph), their streamlined shell and paddle-like flippers aid in their ability to swim quickly and with grace. Green sea turtles are able to hold their breath for hours at a time. Because they are cold-blooded, the temperature of the water affects their ability to hold their breath. In colder water they can hold their breath for longer. With features well-adapted to sea life, their agile mobility underwater does not carry over to their travels on the beach. On land they move slowly, laboriously pulling themselves along with their flippers. But in general, green turtles only venture onto land to lay their eggs. Females lay eggs every 2-4 years once they are sexually mature. To reach their nesting grounds, green turtles migrate long distances, traveling back to the beaches where they were born. After mating in the shallow waters near shore, female turtles climb onto the beach and lay their eggs in a pit. They lay 100-200 eggs at a time and leave them alone for 2 months before they hatch. Once the baby turtles hatch, they must crawl to the water and avoid a multitude of predators, including birds and crabs. Green sea turtles make their home in tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide. There are two types of green turtles, the Atlantic green turtle and the Eastern Pacific green turtle. It is debated whether these are subspecies or completely separate species. Each of the populations has its own feeding and breeding grounds. Atlantic green turtles are found throughout the Atlantic Ocean, while Eastern Pacific green turtles are found in the Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, and Mediterranean and Black Seas. Over 80 countries in the world have green turtles nest on their beaches. Green sea turtles feed on crabs, jellyfish, and other creatures as juveniles. As adults they become herbivores, primarily eating sea grasses and algae. Contoh Report Text Tentang Burung Puffin Contoh Report Text Tentang Burung PuffinAtlantic Puffin Atlantic puffin Dubbed “sea parrots” as well as “clowns of the sea,” Atlantic puffins sport large, brightly-colored beaks on their substantially-sized heads. Crisp black and white markings on their plumage, as well as superior diving capabilities, have led people to compare the northern seabirds to penguins. However, Atlantic puffins are actually not related to penguins at all. They are in fact small seabirds (about 25 cm, or 10 in., long) that belong to the Alcidae (auk) family. For most of the year, Atlantic puffins live on the open ocean, with a range spanning from the eastern coast of Canada and the northern United States to the western coast of Europe and northern Russia. 60% of the world’s puffins live near Iceland. Puffins are specially adapted to living on the open sea. Waterproof feathers allow them stay warm as they float
Atlantic puffins are also excellent fliers. Flapping their wings at up to 400 beats per minute, puffins can reach speeds of 88 km/h (55mph). April to mid-August is breeding season for puffins. When a puffin is around 3-5 years old, it will choose a partner at sea to mate with for life. It is thought that the birds’ colorful bills and feet, which fade in the winter and brighten in the spring, help puffins assess potential mates. Once on land, the pairs of puffins reunite within the colony. Some pairs exhibit a special behavior known as “billing” where the two birds rub their beaks together. This often draws an excited crowd of other puffins to watch. Puffins create burrows, about 90 cm (3 ft.), in rocky cliffs either in the soil or between rocks. Often, couples will return to the same burrow year after year. At the back of the burrow, they build a nest lined with grasses, seaweed, and feathers. After the female lays a single egg, both parents take turn incubating the egg for about 40 days. Once the chick hatches, the mother and father will take turns bringing it fish to eat several times a day. Atlantic puffins have the ability to carry several fish in their beaks at one time. They push the fish to the back of their mouth with their tongue, where ridges at the top of their bill secure the fish in place. This allows puffins to keep their mouth open to catch more fish without losing any in the process. In general, they can hold around 10 fish in their beak at once. The chick stays in the burrow until it is able to fly. The young puffin uses a toilet area towards the front of the burrow away from the nest to stay clean. It cannot risk getting its feathers soiled and ruining the waterproof protection they provide. After 45 days, the chick leaves the burrow and spends 3-5 years at sea learning about feeding places and choosing a mate.
BalasHapusIn the wild, puffins can live around 20 years. Their main predator is the great black-backed gull, which can capture a puffin mid-flight or swoop in on a puffin on the ground. Herring gulls are also a threat because they steal puffins’ fish (sometimes right from their mouths), and they pull puffin chicks or eggs from their nests.
BalasHapusTrue Friends
Once upon a time, there were two close friends who were walking through the forest together. They knew that anything dangerous can happen any time in the forest. So they promised each other that they would always be together in any case of danger.
Suddenly, they saw a large bear getting closer toward them. One of them climbed a nearby tree at once. But unfortunately the other one did not know how to climb up the tree. So being led by his common sense, he lay down on the ground breathless and pretended to be a dead man.
The bear came near the one who was lying on the ground. It smelt in his ears, and slowly left the place because the bears do not want to touch the dead creatures. After that, the friend on the tree came down and asked his friend that was on the ground, "Friend, what did the bear whisper into your ears?" The other friend replied, "Just now the bear advised me not to believe a false friend."
Moral of the Story- A true friend in need is a friend indeed.
Once there was a carpenter called Geppetto. He made a wooden puppet and called him Pinocchio. “How nice it would be if it were a real baby!” sighed when he finished painting it. That night, a good fairy heard him and made his wish to become real. “Awake, wood inanimate, now you’ve got a soul!” she made her magic spell touching Pinocchio with her magic wand. “Pinocchio , be always a good , brave and a selfless boy , ” said the Fairy , ” and one day you’ll be a real boy ! ” Then, she addressed to Jiminy Cricket: “I appoint you to guide Pinocchio, ” she added, before disappearing in a thousand flashes of light.
BalasHapusImagine the delight of Geppetto when he discovered that his little man of wood could move and talk! The next morning he sent him to school like a real boy. “Goodbye, son, come back soon!”
Pinocchio was a little naughty so he disobeying her father went to the terrible Eater, a puppeteer who promised to make him famous. He enjoyed a lot of singing and dancing with the other puppets. But, when the show was over, Eater shut him in a cage. Suddenly, there appeared the Blue Fairy: “Why did not you go to school?” she asked. Pinocchio answered with a lie and his nose began to grow … Only when he told the truth, the Fairy freed him and his nose was back to normal. On the way home, Pinocchio saw a coach load of kids cheering. The coachman told him that he was directed to Toyland, where the kids could do whatever they wanted.
“Pinocchio, come back!” Jiminy Cricket ran after him. But the puppet would not listen to him. There Pinocchio met a new boy Candlewick. He soon discovered that in Toyland the lazy and rude kids were turned into donkeys. Pinocchio ran desperately, followed by his faithful friend. Jiminy Cricket Together, then returned to the house of Geppetto , but they found none. “Who knows what l happened to him!” At that moment, a dove brought them a message: while Geppetto was looking for Pinocchio everywhere, he was swallowed by a whale and now he was his prisoner. “I want to save him!” decided the puppet.
Arriving at the sea, he dived an dived till he found his father in the belly of the whale. But how to get out of there? So he lit a fire and the smoke made the whale sneeze so strong that, she opened its mouth. Pinocchio and Geppetto escaped on a raft. The puppet helped his father to swim in the middle of the waves: and they finally reached the shore! But as soon as they arrived Pinocchio, for the great effort fainted. Grief-stricken, Geppetto took him home. The Blue Fairy, awoke him and, as promised, rewarded his courage and his goodness, by transforming Pinocchio into a real boy
Komentar ini telah dihapus oleh pengarang.
BalasHapusA narrative is a meaningful sequence of events told in words. It is sequential in that the events are ordered, not merely random. Sequence always involves an arrangement in time (and usually other arrangements as well). A straightforward movement from the first event to the last constitutes the simplest chronology. However, chronology is sometimes complicated by presenting the events in another order: for example, a story may open with the final episode and then flash back to all that preceded it.
HapusA narrative has meaning in that it conveys an evaluation of some kind. The writer reacts to the story he or she tells, and states or implies that reaction. This is the "meaning," sometimes called the "theme," of a story. Meaning must always be rendered. The writer has to do more than tell us the truth he sees in the story; he must manifest that truth in the characters and the action.
Characters and action are the essential elements of any story. Also important, but not as essential, is the setting, the place where the action occurs. Characters are usually people—sometimes actual people, as in history books or newspaper stories, sometimes imaginary ones, as in novels. Occasionally characters are animals (as in an Aesop fable), and sometimes a dominant feature of the environment functions almost like a character (the sea, an old house).
The action is what the characters say and do and anything that happens to them, even if it arises from a nonhuman source—a storm, for instance, or a fire. Action is often presented in the form of a plot. Action is, so to speak, the raw material; plot, the finished product, the fitting together of the bits and pieces of action into a coherent pattern. Usually, though not invariably, plot takes the form of a cause-and effect chain: event A produces event B; B leads to C; C to D; and so on until the final episode, X. In a well-constructed plot of this kind we can work back from X to A and see the connections that made the end of the story likely and perhaps inevitable.
Stories can be very long and complicated, with many characters, elaborate plots, and subtle interpenetration of character, action, and setting. In writing that is primarily expository, however, narratives are shorter and simpler. Most often they are factual rather than imaginary, as when an historian describes an event. And often in exposition an illustration may involve a simple narrative. Being able to tell a story, then, while not the primary concern of the expository writer, is a skill which he or she will now and again be called upon to use.
The author's account of his country, and their manners and
customs--Administration of justice--Embrenche--Marriage
ceremony, and public entertainments--Mode of
living--Dress--Manufactures
Buildings--Commerce--Agriculture--War and
religion--Superstition of the natives--Funeral ceremonies of
the priests or magicians--Curious mode of discovering
poison--Some hints concerning the origin of the author's
countrymen, with the opinions of different writers on that
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BalasHapusI believe it is difficult for those who publish their own memoirs to
escape the imputation of vanity; nor is this the only disadvantage
under which they labour: it is also their misfortune, that what is
uncommon is rarely, if ever, believed, and what is obvious we are apt
to turn from with disgust, and to charge the writer with impertinence.
People generally think those memoirs only worthy to be read or
remembered which abound in great or striking events, those, in short,
which in a high degree excite either admiration or pity: all others
they consign to contempt and oblivion. It is therefore, I confess, not
a little hazardous in a private and obscure individual, and a stranger
too, thus to solicit the indulgent attention of the public; especially
when I own I offer here the history of neither a saint, a hero, nor a
tyrant. I believe there are few events in my life, which have not
happened to many: it is true the incidents of it are numerous; and,
did I consider myself an European, I might say my sufferings were
great: but when I compare my lot with that of most of my countrymen, I
regard myself as a _particular favourite of Heaven_, and acknowledge
the mercies of Providence in every occurrence of my life. If then the
following narrative does not appear sufficiently interesting to engage
general attention, let my motive be some excuse for its publication. I
am not so foolishly vain as to expect from it either immortality or
literary reputation. If it affords any satisfaction to my numerous
friends, at whose request it has been written, or in the smallest
degree promotes the interests of humanity, the ends for which it was
undertaken will be fully attained, and every wish of my heart
gratified. Let it therefore be remembered, that, in wishing to avoid
censure, I do not aspire to praise.
That part of Africa, known by the name of Guinea, to which the trade
for slaves is carried on, extends along the coast above 3400 miles,
from the Senegal to Angola, and includes a variety of kingdoms. Of
these the most considerable is the kingdom of Benen, both as to extent
and wealth, the richness and cultivation of the soil, the power of its
king, and the number and warlike disposition of the inhabitants. It is
situated nearly under the line, and extends along the coast about 170
miles, but runs back into the interior part of Africa to a distance
hitherto I believe unexplored by any traveller; and seems only
terminated at length by the empire of Abyssinia, near 1500 miles from
its beginning. This kingdom is divided into many provinces or
districts: in one of the most remote and fertile of which, called
Eboe, I was born, in the year 1745, in a charming fruitful vale, named
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Essaka. The distance of this province from the capital of Benin and
BalasHapusthe sea coast must be very considerable; for I had never heard of
white men or Europeans, nor of the sea: and our subjection to the king
of Benin was little more than nominal; for every transaction of the
government, as far as my slender observation extended, was conducted
by the chiefs or elders of the place. The manners and government of a
people who have little commerce with other countries are generally
very simple; and the history of what passes in one family or village
may serve as a specimen of a nation. My father was one of those elders
or chiefs I have spoken of, and was styled Embrenche; a term, as I
remember, importing the highest distinction, and signifying in our
language a _mark_ of grandeur. This mark is conferred on the person
entitled to it, by cutting the skin across at the top of the forehead,
and drawing it down to the eye-brows; and while it is in this
situation applying a warm hand, and rubbing it until it shrinks up
into a thick _weal_ across the lower part of the forehead. Most of the
judges and senators were thus marked; my father had long born it: I
had seen it conferred on one of my brothers, and I was also
_destined_ to receive it by my parents. Those Embrence, or chief men,
decided disputes and punished crimes; for which purpose they always
assembled together. The proceedings were generally short; and in most
cases the law of retaliation prevailed. I remember a man was brought
before my father, and the other judges, for kidnapping a boy; and,
although he was the son of a chief or senator, he was condemned to
make recompense by a man or woman slave. Adultery, however, was
sometimes punished with slavery or death; a punishment which I believe
is inflicted on it throughout most of the nations of Africa[A]: so
sacred among them is the honour of the marriage bed, and so jealous
are they of the fidelity of their wives. Of this I recollect an
instance:--a woman was convicted before the judges of adultery, and
delivered over, as the custom was, to her husband to be punished.
Accordingly he determined to put her to death: but it being found,
just before her execution, that she had an infant at her breast; and
no woman being prevailed on to perform the part of a nurse, she was
spared on account of the child. The men, however, do not preserve the
same constancy to their wives, which they expect from them; for they
indulge in a plurality, though seldom in more than two. Their mode of
marriage is thus:--both parties are usually betrothed when young by
their parents, (though I have known the males to betroth themselves).
On this occasion a feast is prepared, and the bride and bridegroom
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stand up in the midst of all their friends, who are assembled for the
BalasHapuspurpose, while he declares she is thenceforth to be looked upon as his
wife, and that no other person is to pay any addresses to her. This is
also immediately proclaimed in the vicinity, on which the bride
retires from the assembly. Some time after she is brought home to her
husband, and then another feast is made, to which the relations of
both parties are invited: her parents then deliver her to the
bridegroom, accompanied with a number of blessings, and at the same
time they tie round her waist a cotton string of the thickness of a
goose-quill, which none but married women are permitted to wear: she
is now considered as completely his wife; and at this time the dowry
is given to the new married pair, which generally consists of portions
of land, slaves, and cattle, household goods, and implements of
husbandry. These are offered by the friends of both parties; besides
which the parents of the bridegroom present gifts to those of the
bride, whose property she is looked upon before marriage; but after it
she is esteemed the sole property of her husband. The ceremony being
now ended the festival begins, which is celebrated with bonefires, and
loud acclamations of joy, accompanied with music and dancing.
We are almost a nation of dancers, musicians, and poets. Thus every
great event, such as a triumphant return from battle, or other cause
of public rejoicing is celebrated in public dances, which are
accompanied with songs and music suited to the occasion. The assembly
is separated into four divisions, which dance either apart or in
succession, and each with a character peculiar to itself. The first
division contains the married men, who in their dances frequently
exhibit feats of arms, and the representation of a battle. To these
succeed the married women, who dance in the second division. The young
men occupy the third; and the maidens the fourth. Each represents some
interesting scene of real life, such as a great achievement, domestic
employment, a pathetic story, or some rural sport; and as the subject
is generally founded on some recent event, it is therefore ever new.
This gives our dances a spirit and variety which I have scarcely seen
elsewhere[B]. We have many musical instruments, particularly drums of
different kinds, a piece of music which resembles a guitar, and
another much like a stickado. These last are chiefly used by betrothed
virgins, who play on them on all grand festivals.
As our manners are simple, our luxuries are few. The dress of both
sexes is nearly the same. It generally consists of a long piece of
callico, or muslin, wrapped loosely round the body, somewhat in the
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form of a highland plaid. This is usually dyed blue, which is our
BalasHapusfavourite colour. It is extracted from a berry, and is brighter and
richer than any I have seen in Europe. Besides this, our women of
distinction wear golden ornaments; which they dispose with some
profusion on their arms and legs. When our women are not employed with
the men in tillage, their usual occupation is spinning and weaving
cotton, which they afterwards dye, and make it into garments. They
also manufacture earthen vessels, of which we have many kinds. Among
the rest tobacco pipes, made after the same fashion, and used in the
same manner, as those in Turkey[C].
Our manner of living is entirely plain; for as yet the natives are
unacquainted with those refinements in cookery which debauch the
taste: bullocks, goats, and poultry, supply the greatest part of their
food. These constitute likewise the principal wealth of the country,
and the chief articles of its commerce. The flesh is usually stewed in
a pan; to make it savoury we sometimes use also pepper, and other
spices, and we have salt made of wood ashes. Our vegetables are mostly
plantains, eadas, yams, beans, and Indian corn. The head of the family
usually eats alone; his wives and slaves have also their separate
tables. Before we taste food we always wash our hands: indeed our
cleanliness on all occasions is extreme; but on this it is an
indispensable ceremony. After washing, libation is made, by pouring
out a small portion of the food, in a certain place, for the spirits
of departed relations, which the natives suppose to preside over their
conduct, and guard them from evil. They are totally unacquainted with
strong or spirituous liquours; and their principal beverage is palm
wine. This is gotten from a tree of that name by tapping it at the
top, and fastening a large gourd to it; and sometimes one tree will
yield three or four gallons in a night. When just drawn it is of a
most delicious sweetness; but in a few days it acquires a tartish and
more spirituous flavour: though I never saw any one intoxicated by it.
The same tree also produces nuts and oil. Our principal luxury is in
perfumes; one sort of these is an odoriferous wood of delicious
fragrance: the other a kind of earth; a small portion of which thrown
into the fire diffuses a most powerful odour[D]. We beat this wood
into powder, and mix it with palm oil; with which both men and women
perfume themselves.
In our buildings we study convenience rather than ornament. Each
master of a family has a large square piece of ground, surrounded with
a moat or fence, or enclosed with a wall made of red earth tempered;
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which, when dry, is as hard as brick. Within this are his houses to
BalasHapusaccommodate his family and slaves; which, if numerous, frequently
present the appearance of a village. In the middle stands the
principal building, appropriated to the sole use of the master, and
consisting of two apartments; in one of which he sits in the day with
his family, the other is left apart for the reception of his friends.
He has besides these a distinct apartment in which he sleeps, together
with his male children. On each side are the apartments of his wives,
who have also their separate day and night houses. The habitations of
the slaves and their families are distributed throughout the rest of
the enclosure. These houses never exceed one story in height: they are
always built of wood, or stakes driven into the ground, crossed with
wattles, and neatly plastered within, and without. The roof is
thatched with reeds. Our day-houses are left open at the sides; but
those in which we sleep are always covered, and plastered in the
inside, with a composition mixed with cow-dung, to keep off the
different insects, which annoy us during the night. The walls and
floors also of these are generally covered with mats. Our beds consist
of a platform, raised three or four feet from the ground, on which are
laid skins, and different parts of a spungy tree called plaintain. Our
covering is calico or muslin, the same as our dress. The usual seats
are a few logs of wood; but we have benches, which are generally
perfumed, to accommodate strangers: these compose the greater part of
our household furniture. Houses so constructed and furnished require
but little skill to erect them. Every man is a sufficient architect
for the purpose. The whole neighbourhood afford their unanimous
assistance in building them and in return receive, and expect no other
recompense than a feast.
As we live in a country where nature is prodigal of her favours, our
wants are few and easily supplied; of course we have few manufactures.
They consist for the most part of calicoes, earthern ware, ornaments,
and instruments of war and husbandry. But these make no part of our
commerce, the principal articles of which, as I have observed, are
provisions. In such a state money is of little use; however we have
some small pieces of coin, if I may call them such. They are made
something like an anchor; but I do not remember either their value or
denomination. We have also markets, at which I have been frequently
with my mother. These are sometimes visited by stout mahogany-coloured
men from the south west of us: we call them Oye-Eboe, which term
signifies red men living at a distance. They generally bring us
fire-arms, gunpowder, hats, beads, and dried fish. The last we
esteemed a great rarity, as our waters were only brooks and springs.
These articles they barter with us for odoriferous woods and earth,
and our salt of wood ashes. They always carry slaves through our land;
but the strictest account is exacted of their manner of procuring them
before they are suffered to pass. Sometimes indeed we sold slaves to
them, but they were only prisoners of war, or such among us as had
been convicted of kidnapping, or adultery, and some other crimes,
which we esteemed heinous. This practice of kidnapping induces me to
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